Indulgence (coal)
A Schwelerei (also Schwelwerk) is an operating system for coal refinement , in which lignite is split into coal tar , medium and light oil , carbonization gas and green coke by heating it to 600 ° C in the absence of air .
The smoldering tar can be processed into gasoline , diesel oil , heating oil , paraffin , tar pitch , phenols and pyridine bases by hydrogenation or distillation . The middle oil serves directly as diesel oil. The light oil supplies gasoline. Carbonization gas is mostly used as heating gas in-house. Grudekoks is a fuel or is gasified in generators to produce water and generator gas.
Most of the mills were built near coal mines. The "Coal Refinement and Schwelwerke AG" in Weißandt-Gölzau in Saxony-Anhalt, which has been producing since 1928 (end of production in 1965), was one of the first and a typical example for Germany. Like others, it was included in armaments preparations from the mid-1930s onwards because of its gasoline production.
In the GDR , due to the lack of oil for fuel production, the smelting facilities were fully used until the 1960s. Some were operated in the works of the Central German and Lusatian lignite mining districts until the end of the GDR. Despite dephenolation measures, the foul-smelling heavy wastewater was one of the main sources of pollution in the rivers. When the former coal industry in the GDR was dismantled, the smoldering was the first to be shut down.
In the case of hard coal mining, which was only slightly widespread , low-temperature tar ( primordial tar ) is produced, from which fuels can be obtained.
swell
- Meyer's New Lexicon , Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1975
- Weißandt-Gölzau, business location with tradition , culture and local history association Weißandt-Gölzau 1990 eV (publisher)