Schwelm (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those from and to Schwelm

Schwelm is the name of a former Westphalian knight dynasty from the county of Mark , who lived in the town of the same name until 1592 . In 1458 they split into the Schwelmer and Cologne lines.

Joh. Died. von Stein: From the Graffschatt Mark

history

Around the first half of the 10th century, the Schwelm family (Swelm also Swelhem, later Schwelhem) was first mentioned when the farmers Salaco and Werinheri of the Werden Abbey in the Schwelmer Fronhof (in uilla Suelmiu) were commissioned by the lord , who were subordinate to the Swelmer Fronhof handed over a servant to Swelm . The oldest document of the Archbishop of Cologne, Sigewin, about the Swelm Church dates from 1085: “... we ordered the monastery of St. Mary, which was founded and consecrated by our lord and predecessor, Archbishop Anno, but because of the blessed memory committed sin was burned to ashes, to be rebuilt and to be sanctified to the praise of the Lord by a new consecration under the special divine grace. ”The local petty aristocrats in the 13th and 14th centuries called themselves Ritter von und zu Swelm (Schwelm). Mention of the farm also in 1310 by Rutger von Wickrath, canon of the Victor monastery in Xanten, gives the farm "zeym Lo" (main courtyard) in the Schwelm parish to the knight Gottschalk "called Moyre in body breeding ". In the year 1392, "for the history of the Lords of Schwelm, the so important fact" fell , that the court of Schwelm was pledged by the Archbishop of Cologne to the Count of the Mark . The pledge was never redeemed and so Schwelm remained under the rule of the Counts of the Mark , who soon came into the possession of the County of Kleve . Their descendants united the two regions with Berg, Jülich and Ravensberg in later years (1521).

Johann von Schwelm (* 1441), who in the 15th century with his wife Mechtild made a goblet for St. Johann Baptist and had the donor's name engraved on the base of the goblet with a request for a prayer: bit vor johann von swelm and hilken sin hus frov and eir children. is now considered to be further documentary evidence of the noble descent of the family to Schwelm.

His brother Gottschalk von Schwelm (* 1439) got the highest offices in his parish of St.Jakobskirchspiel , towards the end of his life by being elected church master, the highest church office administered by a layman. Previously, he was an eighth man in the parish, a body of eight men who were responsible for the economic and financial affairs of the church.

Subject of the console under the statue: "Terpsichore"
Figure of Hermann
Joh. Died. von Stein: From the Graffschatt Mark

Gottschalk was also the grandfather of Hermann von Weinsberg , the most important German chronicler of the 16th century. The lives of Gottschalk and son Christian (* 1489) von Schwelm are also partially taken into account by Gerd Helbeck : "In oppido Swelme". After grandfather Gottschalk came from a rural background and immigrated to Cologne in 1458, in 1491 he acquired the Weinsberg house, which henceforth gave the family its name, as the family seat on Waidmarkt . At the end of his life Gottschalk († 1502) was elected to the city council three times (1494, 1497, 1500).

His son Christian von Schwelm († 1549) stabilized the family's economic and social position. Christian had become councilor of his gaff for the first time at Christmas 1517, shortly before Hermann was born ; In 1543 Hermann was first elected a journeyman in the Schwarzhaus and then elected to Johanni's council member.

Hermann von Schwelm (* 1518) alias von Weinsberg († 1597) became burgrave in the place of his deceased father in 1549, di castellan under the town hall, but had to resign as a town official. In order to be able to do the wine trade again, he later gave up the burgrave office. In 1564 his Gaffel elected him to be Lord of the Banner and in 1565 instead of his deceased brother Christian (* 1529 † 1564) he was again Lord Councilor. In his parish of St. Jacob, he was, like his grandfather parish champions . Towards the end of his life he also held the office of council judge. Throughout his life he tried to convert his talent as a historian into social recognition.

1576 Bartholomäus Bruyn (the Younger), painter
Gottschalk II. * 1532 † 1597 & Elisabeth born. horn

Like perhaps no other, he saw through how his contemporaries' perception of history worked. With his status and his efforts to continue the family rise, Hermann had thrown his family into misery. The historical tradition of "traditional" faked by him lacked the basis, as it did not correspond to the social position of the speaker and the perception of his surroundings at the time. His attempt to use family historiography directly as a medium of social advancement failed because, despite all the disguises of his manipulations, he broke through the interaction between social position and credibility. Above all, his pretentious inheritance law construction had to lead to the collapse of the resistance of his own family. Hermann thus marks an exemplary case of failure for the instrumentalization of the past as a means of status formation and status legitimation.

The Cologne branch of the family was still run as councilors of Swelhem in the Cologne council until Hermann .

Schwelm von Treuenfels
Family tree

After the death of the progenitor Frowin von Schwelm (* 1417, † 1488), the second-born Johann took over the hereditary fiefdom of Schwelm after the Schwelmer Fronhof had finally passed into the possession of Count von der Mark in the mid-15th century in the Soest feud . " And although the von Schwelhem give them shadows and services to freeze, (from the oath to the Archbishop of Cologne ), it should still be held with it when more Unß is granted a Reichß or Landstüpr by common knighthood and Stede our country Cleve and Marck,"

The youngest brother Prior Johannes von Schwelm († 1510) became abbot of the Benedictine double monastery Schönau in 1493 and provided the Trier Elector and Archbishop Johann II . on February 5, 1493 in Koblenz when he confirmed the oath. He built today's Schönau church and had the bones of Elisabeth von Schönau transferred from her old burial place next to the altar of the holy virgins in the choir of the monastery church into a side chapel; In 1631, when the Swedes plundered, Elisabeth's grave was also destroyed. The Elizabeth Chapel was not rebuilt after a fire in 1723.

Siebmacher's coat of arms from and to Schwelm

When Schwelm was officially granted town charter on November 24, 1496 by Johann II , Duke of Kleve and Count von der Mark, the town consisted of around 50 houses and 250 to 400 inhabitants. In 1592 the Fronhof passed to the city after the two settlement centers at Fronhof and Kirchplatz had grown together during the 16th century. The knightly family von und zu Schwelm wandered in the service of Duke Jülich-Kleve-Berg and Count von der Mark Johann Wilhelm to the Lower Rhine .

Gottschalk von Schwelm III. (* 1561) Hermann's nephew and Christian II's son is the only one from the Cologne branch who continued the legitimate tribe. He married a cousin Margaretha von Swelhem zu Schwelm on November 3, 1585 and had 7 children from this marriage, of which the will of the second son Gottschalk IV (* 1586) and inheritance disputes of the fifth son Johann von Swelhem (* 1592) in the minutes of the council of 1621 are known. The other children Christian, Peter and Agnes are occasionally mentioned in the estate volume. The firstborn Benedict and the first daughter Sibilla died early. In the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War , von und zu Schwelm lost their privileges. Descendants still live in Moers and Krefeld today.

The baptisms of the children of Gottschalk IV & Sibilla born in Cologne are from the Cologne line . Maisgrün, 1.) Nikolaus * 1630, 2.) Cecilia * 1634, 3.) Thilmann * 1636, 4.) Christina * 1638, 5.) Guilielm * 1639. Christian's * 1587, 1.) Hans Burkhard * 1612. And that of Johanns * 1592 & Elsgen born. von Hochstein, 1.) Anna * 1639, 2.) Eva Margareta * 1640, 3.) Peter * 1641, 4.) Johannes * 1644, occupied.

From the Schwelmer line : 1.) Theodor * 1620, 2.) Katarina * 1630, children of Johann * 1597. - 1.) Johannes * 1633, son of Wilhelm * 1611. - 1.) Katarina Karlotta * 1642, 2.) Wolfgang Wilhelm * 1642, children of Heinrich * 1621. - 1.) Johan Peter * 1657, son of Adolff. - 1.) Nikolaus * 1646, 2.) Ursula Margaretha * 1647, 3.) Hans Wilhelm * 1654, 4.) Anna * 1659, children of Johann & Margareth born. from Geuelsberg, verifiable.

Whether a kinship with all of today's Schwelm to Johann († 1498 - Schwelm) or Gottschalk III. († 1609 - Cologne) von Schwelm exists is not confirmed.

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows the mountain lion with a sword in white on a red background.

literature

  • Wolfgang Herborn: The family von Schwelm / von Weinsberg. Development stages of a peasant family in a metropolitan milieu on the threshold of modern times . In: Contributions to the local history of the city of Schwelm and its surroundings . tape 32 , 1982, pp. 36–62 ( regesta-imperii.de [accessed June 28, 2020]).
  • Wolfgang Herborn :: For Cologne: Life for the city of Gottschalk von Schwelm (Weinsberg). The rise of a poor emigrant from the Bergisches Land to the Cologne council . Greven 2014.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerd Helbeck: Timeline of the history of the Schwelmer area up to the final elevation of Schwelm to the city. In: Contributions to the local history of the city of Schwelm and its surroundings . No. 45 , 1996, pp. 13-17 .
  2. ↑ Klaus Peter Schmitz :: Illustrated Parish History of St Mary Schwelm April 2008 pp 22, 23 .
  3. ↑ Gerd Helbeck: Next Breck: History of a rural area on the Bergisch-Mark border in the area of ​​activity of the cities Schwelm and Barmen. P. 272 . Ed .: Born-Verlag, 1984.
  4. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in :: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine and the Archbishopric of Cöln, Document 968, 1853, Volume 3, p. [863] 851. Ed .: Digitized edition of the ULB Bonn.
  5. ↑ Cologne inscriptions of the Middle Ages - an epigraphic foray. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  6. ^ Art monuments Cologne . In: Schwann (Ed.): Church monuments . tape 2 . Düsseldorf 1929, p. 119 f .
  7. ↑ Herborn, For Cologne: Life for the City of Gottschalk von Schwelm (Weinsberg)
  8. ↑ Herborn, The von Schwelm / von Weinsberg family, p. 15
  9. ↑ Kerstin Seidel: Friends and Relatives: Social Relations in a Late Medieval City . In: Campus Historical Studies . May 2009.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Herborn: The political leadership of the city of Cologne in the late Middle Ages . In: Rheinisches Archiv (Hrsg.): Rheinisches Archiv . tape 100 . Bonn 1997, p. 399, 609 .
  11. ↑ Schwerhoff, G .: Transfiguration and Downfall of the House of Weinsberg - A Failed History of Validity, or: From the happy coincidence of transmission of an ego document from the 16th century. Ed .: Kloster-Stadt-Region Festschrift for Heinrich Rüthing J. ALTENBEHRENDT Bielefeld 2002 pp. 65-86.
  12. ^ Hermann Keussen,: "Weinsberg, Hermann" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 55 (1910), pp. 18-19 .
  13. ↑ http://rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenitäten/hermann-weinsberg-/DE-2086/lido/57c92b77809486.24332905
  14. ^ Birgit Studt: House and family books in urban society in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Pp . 16-17 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2007.
  15. ↑ Gregor Rohmann: The liar sees through the truth. Relationship, status and historical knowledge in Hermann von Weinsberg, pp. 43-76. Ed .: Yearbook of the Cologne History Association 2000.
  16. ↑ a b Hermann Weinsberg. Retrieved June 29, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Joh. Died. von Stein: An attempt at a Westphalian history, especially the Graffschatt Mark ...: provided with many coppers. Volume 5, page 1350 .
  18. ↑ A. Goerz ,: Regesten der Archbischöfe zu Trier. P. 284 .
  19. ↑ Joachim KEMPER: The Benedictine double monastery Schönau and the visions of Elisabeth von Schönau .
  20. ↑ Wolfgang Fenner, Petra Gallmeister :: From “the first settlement” to the “French occupation”. In: City of Schwelm . Schelm / Wuppertal 1996, p. 11-51 .
  21. ↑ Gerd Helbeck: "In oppido Swelme". Origin and structure of the small medieval town Schwelm between the 10th century and 1496. In: Contributions to the local history of the town Schwelm and its surroundings . No. 23 , 1973, p. 5-23 .
  22. ↑ Joh. Died. von Stein: An attempt at a Westphalian history, especially the Graffschatt Mark ...: provided with many coppers. Volume 5, page 1345 .
  23. ^ Günter Voigt: Schwelm. A trip into the past. Schwelm 1990.
  24. ↑ Schwelm family heraldry genealogy coat of arms Schwelm. Retrieved June 24, 2020 .
  25. ^ Herborn, The von Schwelm family / von Weinsberg.