Seaward Kaikoura Range
| Seaward Kaikoura Range | ||
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.jpg) Part of the Seaward Kaikoura Range from State Highway 1 north of Kaikoura seen from |
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| Highest peak | Manakau ( 2608 m ) | |
| location | Kaikoura District , Canterbury Region, South Island , New Zealand | |
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| Coordinates | 42 ° 14 ′ S , 173 ° 37 ′ E | |
| Type | Fold Mountains | |
| Age of the rock | 100–250 million years | |
| particularities | Often referred to as the Kaikoura Ranges together with the Inland Kaikoura Range , it is a mountain range of its own. Kaikoura Ranges are not defined as a geographical object by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ). | |
The Seaward Kaikoura Range is a mountain range in the northeast of the South Island of New Zealand .
geography
The Seaward Kaikoura Range is located in a southwest-northeast orientation in the Kaikoura District of the Canterbury region , between the Conway River in the southwest and Clarence River in the northwest and northeast and the New Zealand State Highway 70 and the Pacific Ocean in the southeast. The mountain range has a length of around 80 km, with the individual mountain ridges and valleys mostly oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the mountain range. The width varies between 12 km and up to 22 km directly to the coast.
The highest mountain in the Seaward Kaikoura Range is Manakau with a height of 2608 m . A total of four other mountain peaks are above the 2000 mark, listed from southwest to northeast, Mount Sounders with 2146 m , Uwerau with 2213 m , Te ao Whekere with 2590 m and the Tarahaka with 2283 m .
On the northwest flank of the Seaward Kaikoura Range , numerous streams flow into the Clarence River , not large enough to be named. On the southeast side towards the Pacific Ocean, in addition to numerous streams, the rivers, Conway River , Kowhai River , Waimangarara River , Hapuku River , Clinton River and Puhi Puhi River flow seaward, some as tributaries and some directly into the Pacific Ocean.
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geology
The base rock of north Canterbury, including the Kaikoura District , in which the Seaward Kaikoura Range is located, consists of hard sandstone and lamellar dark sedimentary rock, the greywacke and mudstone , which are interspersed with strips of volcanic rock. This base rock comes from the Triassic and the Early Cretaceous and is therefore between around 100 and 250 million years old. The rock is covered with younger sedimentary rock, including strips of coal layers , quartz sands , limestone , maritime mudstone , which would be translated into German as claystone, and gravelly mixtures. The age of the cap rock is between 1 and 85 million years.
The Seaward Kaikoura Range is criss-crossed by geological faults . The folding of the rock and the resulting mountain formation has removed parts of the cover rock through erosion and exposed the base rock in the rugged, towering rocks. The cover rock can still be seen on the flanks of the mountain range.
Some faults in the Seaward Kaikoura Range are known, others are suspected. The most famous fault here is the Hope Fault , which continues on the southeast side, at the foot of the mountain range, to the northeast over the coast into the sea area and was significantly involved in the Kaikoura earthquake of November 16, 2016.
Another fault is the Kaikoura Fault , which runs parallel to the Hope Fault off the coast to the northeast, where the Seaward Kaikoura Range extends directly to the coast. The Kowhai Fault and the Fyffe Fault , which run through the mountains north of Kaikoura, are also known . The Kekerengu Fault and Heaver's Creek Fault are two other faults that are geologically secured. A few more are suspected.
Protected areas
Most of the Seaward Kaikoura Range was bought by the Forest Heritage Fund in 1993 and placed under protection as Ka Whata Tu o Rakihouia Conservation Park in 2008 . The park has since been administered by the Department of Conservation . The park has a size of 881 km 2 .
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literature
- New Zealand Touring Atlas . 5th ed. . Hema Maps Australia , 2015, ISBN 978-1-877302-92-3 , South Island , p. Map 48 (English).
- Geert Jan Lensen : Kaikoura Ranges . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed February 23, 2017]).
- DJA Barrell : General distribution and characteristics of active faults and folds in the Kaikoura District, North Canterbury . In: GNS Science Consultancy Report . No. 2014/210 . Wellington 2015, ISBN 978-0-478-15131-2 (English, online [PDF; 5.1 MB ; accessed on February 23, 2017] also as Environment Canterbury Report No. R15 / 23 published under the ISBN).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Topo250 maps - East Coast - Blenheim - Point Gibson . Land Information New Zealand , accessed February 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Coordinates and longitudes of the Seaward Kaikoura Range were made by Google Earth .
- ^ A b New Zealand Touring Atlas . 2015, p. Map 48 .
- ^ A b Barrell : General distribution and characteristics of active faults and folds in the Kaikoura District, North Canterbury . 2015, p. 6 .
- ^ A b c Barrell : General distribution and characteristics of active faults and folds in the Kaikoura District, North Canterbury . 2015, p. 14 .
- ↑ Department of Conservation (ed.): Clarence visitor information Ka Whata Tu o Rakihouia Conservation Park . 2015 (English, online [PDF; 3.3 MB ; accessed on February 23, 2017]).
- ↑ a b Ka Whata Tu o Rakihouia Conservation Park . New Zealand Hitchhiker , accessed February 23, 2017 .