Sergei Mikhailovich Kravchinsky
Sergei Mikhailovich Kravchinsky ( Russian Сергей Михайлович Кравчинский ., Scientific transliteration Sergei Michajlovič Kravčinskij ; born July 1 jul. / 13. July 1851 greg. In Novy Starodub , Ukraine ; died 23. December 1895 in London ), better known by the nom de guerre Stepniak ("Steppensohn"), was a Russian revolutionary. He became known through the murder of the Tsarist police chief of Saint Petersburg in 1878.
Life
Stepniak was born in 1851 as the son of a military doctor. He attended the military academy and entered military service. When he left in 1871, he had the rank of sub-lieutenant.
In 1874 Stepniak traveled to the Balkans and participated in the uprising of the Bosnians and Herzegovinians in 1875/76 against the Ottomans . He processed the experiences from the uprising in a manual on guerrilla warfare . In 1877 he took part in the Errico Malatestas survey in Benevento (Italy).
Four years later he returned to Russia, where he joined the movement Zemlya i volja ("Land and Freedom") of the Narodniki and edited the party organ together with Nikolai Morozow and Olga Lyubatowitsch .
Convinced of the effectiveness of terrorist attacks in the political struggle, he stabbed the chief of the police there, General Nikolai Mesentsow , in the street in Saint Petersburg in August 1878 .
After the attack he had to leave Russia, and eventually settled in London, where he under the name Friends of Russian Freedom ( Friends of Russian Freedom , a group of Russian dissidents gathered) around and the magazine Russia Free Press published.
In 1895, Stepniak was run over by a train while crossing a level crossing.
Fonts
- Sergius Stepniak: Underground Russia. Revolutionary portraits and sketches from reality . Preface by Peter Lawroff . Translated from the Italian by Max Trautner. Jenni, Bern 1884. New edition: Bahoe Books, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-903022-04-1 ( content ).
literature
- James Joll: The Anarchists . Methuen, London 1979, ISBN 0-416-72260-1 . 2nd edition: Harvard University Press, 1980, ISBN 978-0674036420 , p. 103.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kravchinsky, Sergei Mikhailovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Stepniak |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian revolutionary |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 13, 1851 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Novyj Starodub , Ukraine |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 23, 1895 |
| Place of death | London |