sesame oil
sesame oil | |
---|---|
Raw material plant (noun) |
Sesame ( Sesamum indicum ) |
origin |
Seeds |
colour |
pale yellow to reddish brown |
ingredients | |
Oleic acid | 28-44% |
Linoleic acid | 28-51% |
Palmitic acid | 6.5-10% |
Lauric acid | (0) to 13-16% |
Myristic acid | 4-9% |
More fatty acids | Stearic acid = 3.5-6.7%; Capric acid = 1.5-2.5%; Caprylic acid = 3–4% |
properties | |
density | 0.915-0.923 kg / l at 20 ° C |
viscosity | = 65 mPA · s at 20 ° C |
Melting point | −6 ° C |
Smoke point | light, unroasted sesame oil (unrefined) 220 ° C; dark, toasted sesame oil (unrefined / cold-pressed) 177 ° C |
Flash point | 240 ° C |
Iodine number | 90-120 |
Saponification number | 187-195 |
Calorific value | 39.4 MJ / kg |
Cetane number | 40.4 |
Manufacturing and Consumption | |
Production worldwide | 1.6 million tons (2014) |
Most important production countries | India , China , Myanmar , Japan |
use | Cooking oil |
Sesame oil is extracted from the seeds of sesame ( Sesamum indicum won).
The light-colored oil obtained from the natural seeds is pale yellow and largely odorless and tasteless - it is mainly used as an edible oil in Asian and Oriental cuisine . It is also used to make margarine . It is a component of skin care products and plays an important role in Ayurveda , where it is used, for example, for pouring oil on the forehead .
For the dark sesame oil, the cleaned, watered and dried seeds are roasted, then pressed, filtered and bottled after cooling. The roasting gives the oil a dark amber color and a typical, intense smell and taste of roasted nuts. This dark sesame oil is not used directly for cooking, but is added to dishes in small quantities as a seasoning, especially in Asian cuisine. The production of light sesame oil corresponds to the production of other vegetable oils . Around 300 liters of oil can be obtained from one ton of sesame seeds . The remaining press cake has a high protein content and is used as animal feed .
Sesame oil is a mixture of triglycerides with a proportion of about 45% linoleic acid (it does not contain free linoleic acid) among the fatty acids as well as traces of sesamol and carvacrol .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e W. M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th edition. CRC Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4822-0867-2 , Chapters 7-15.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães, Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo et al .: Sesame and flaxseed oil: nutritional quality and effects on serum lipids and glucose in rats. In: Food Sci. Technol. (Campinas) Vol. 33, No. 1, Campinas 2013, doi: 10.1590 / S0101-20612013005000029 .
- ^ A b c Frank D. Gunstone, John L. Harwood, Fred B. Padley: The Lipid Handbook. 2nd Edition. Chapman & Hall, 1994, ISBN 0-412-43320-6 , p. 96.
- ^ Fereidoon Shahidi: Bailey's industrial oil & fat products. 6th edition. Wiley-Interscience, New York 2005, ISBN 0-471-38460-7 .
- ↑ List of smoke points on oil-kontor.de, accessed on May 1, 2017.
- ↑ MA Rakusin: The investigation of petroleum and its products. Vieweg, 1906. (Let Me Print, 2013, ISBN 978-5-87762-073-5 , p. 31)
- ↑ Ibrahim Dincer, Calin Zamfirescu: Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications. Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95860-6 , p. 184.
- ^ Forest Gregg: SVO. New Society, 2008, ISBN 978-0-86571-612-4 , p. 47.
- ↑ FAO statistics 2014 .
- ↑ Robert Ebermann, Ibrahim Elmadfa: Textbook food chemistry and nutrition. 2nd Edition. Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-7091-0210-7 , p. 564 f.
- ↑ Sesame oil: Use in Ayurveda and cosmetics on waschkultur.de, accessed on January 19, 2013.
- ^ The Seed Oil Fatty Acids (SOFA) database .
- ^ A. Qadir, A. Ali, M. Arif et al .: Solvent Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of Sesame Seeds for Determination of Bioactive Antioxidant Fatty Acid / Fatty Oil Components. In: Drug Res. (Stuttgart), Dec. 12, 2017, PMID 29232753 .