Owl moth and sickle winged

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Owl moth and sickle winged
Oak sickle-winged (Watsonalla binaria)

Oak sickle-winged ( Watsonalla binaria )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Drepanoidea
Family : Owl moth and sickle winged
Scientific name
Drepanidae
Meyrick , 1895
Rose owl ( Thyatira batis )

The owl moth and sickle- winged butterfly (Drepanidae) are a family of butterflies that includes three subfamilies with around 650 species. There are 20 known species throughout Europe , 17 of which are found in Central Europe . The three current subfamilies Drepaninae, Thyatirinae and Cyclidiinae have long been considered separate families due to their very different appearance, but they share synapomorphies that support the monophyly of the taxon . However, the six species of the genus Hypsidia , which can undoubtedly be counted among the owl moth and sickle winged moth , could not yet be assigned to a subfamily. The main range of the family is Southeast Asia .

features

A common feature of all owl moths and sickle-winged birds is the special structure of the tympanic organs at the base of the abdomen. They are derived from the transformed tergosternal sclerite that connects the first tergum with the second sternum . At the base of this sternum there is a pair of spherical structures, each consisting of a large and a small chamber (sternal bladder). The tympanum is located on the inside between these two chambers, which is not the case with any other butterfly. The sternal part of the organ is also adjoined on the back (dorsal) by a pleural part, which consists of a protruding fold supported by a large three-armed sclerite. The fold forms a pleural chamber that closes off at the rear with another large tympanum.

The caterpillars show secondary bristles (bristles that appear from the second caterpillar stage), which presumably represent another autapomorphism of the family. These bristles are located on the first to the eighth abdominal segment, above and behind (dorso-caudad) the spiracles .

The family includes both small and large species, with bodies ranging from slim to strong. Most species, however, are medium in size and have medium to broad wings. The outer edge of the forewings is in many species either indented and wavy or drawn out sickle-shaped at the tip. They have 12 wing veins with one anal vein (1b). The hind wings have eight or nine veins with one or two anal veins (1a or 1a and 1b). The antennae are usually lamellar or pinnate, but occasionally also thread-shaped, sawn or combed. The antennae of female moths are often pinnate like those of males. Pointed eyes ( Ocelli ) are only found in a few species. The proboscis is differently well developed and is also absent in some species. The maxillary palps are mostly regressed or short and have a maximum of three limbs. The labial palps usually have three members and are very small and weak in the Drepaninae species , strong and well developed in the other subfamilies.

Way of life

The moths are nocturnal, but there are also species, such as those of the genus Nidara , that also like to fly during the day. In the resting position, most of the moths lay their wings flat next to each other, but the Thyatirinae species fold them together like a roof over their abdomen.

The eggs are flattened and roughly oval or elliptical in shape. They are usually filed in small groups, occasionally individually or in short rows. The caterpillars mostly live on bushes and trees, especially young animals occasionally appear in small groups. During the day they sit openly on the leaves or hide between spun or rolled leaves. Pupation usually takes place in a cocoon that is spun between leaves. The caterpillar rarely pupates without a web or in the ground. The dolls are often covered with wax deposits.

Systematics (Europe)

Subfamily Drepaninae (Sichelflügler)

Subfamily Thyatirinae (owl moth)

  • Rose owl ( Thyatira batis ) ( Linnaeus , 1758) A, CH, D
  • Agate owl moth ( Habrosyne pyritoides ) ( Hufnagel , 1766) A, CH, D
  • Figure of eighty ( Tethea ocularis) ( Linnaeus , 1767) A, C, D
  • Poplar owl moth ( Tethea or ) ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) A, CH, D
  • Birch Owl Moth ( Tetheella fluctuosa ) ( Huebner , 1803) A, CH, D
  • Two-point owl moth ( Ochropacha duplaris ) ( Linnaeus , 1761) A, CH, D
  • Violet-gray owl moth ( Cymatophorina diluta ) ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) A, CH, D
  • Moss green owl moth ( Polyploca ridens ) ( Fabricius , 1787) A, CH, D
  • Red-necked woolly moth ( Asphalia ruficollis ) ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) A, CH?
  • Yellow-horned owl moth ( Achlya flavicornis ) ( Linnaeus , 1758) A, CH, D

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Drepanidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed September 7, 2007 .
  2. ↑ Drepanidae. Lepiforum eV, accessed on September 7, 2007 .
  3. ^ Tree of live: Drepanidae

literature

  • Niels P. Kristensen: Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies . In: Maximilian Fischer (Ed.): Handbook of Zoology . 1st edition. tape 4 - Arthropoda: Insecta , volume 35. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015704-7 (English).
  • Malcolm J. Scoble: The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-854952-0 (English).

Web links

Commons : Sicklewing  - Collection of images, videos and audio files