Seventeen at Welzheim
The seventeen in the Welzheimer Wald were seventeen farms, which were under the lordship of the Lorch monastery , but the high and low authorities of the legacy of Limpurg . They belonged to the limpurgic neck dish in Seelach near Gschwend .
The monastery acquired these farms at various times, especially in the late Middle Ages, the last in 1516. With the development of the concept of state sovereignty after the Reformation, territorial disputes arose between Württemberg (as the sovereign of the abolished Lorch monastery) and Limpurg, which settled in the 1570s came to a head. From the statements of the witness interrogations carried out at the time, the mixture of the various rights is clear. In 1592 a settlement was concluded that permanently regulated the legal relationships. At that time belonged to the Seventeen estates: Altersberg 1 Gut, Nardenheim 2, Seelach 1, Hintersteinenberg 4, Vordersteinenberg 5, Deschental 1, Wighartsrüte (Schafhof) 1, Kapf 1, Krettenbach (Stixenhof) 1.
There was no actual Seventeen Court, but only one dish at Seelach, which was moved to Gschwend in the 16th century. In Gschwend there were 13 judges. All peasants who were subject to the court could be judges, not just the 17 Lorch peasants. There is no connection with the so-called Waibelhube ob Gmünd .
Winning names
West of the L 1153 along Seelach rear Steinberg when Nardenheimer water tower is a hallway Won court Wasen at the beginning of the slope into the Krättenbachtal further below it on a slope a forest Won gallows leek .
Romantic fiction
Apparently, at the end of the 18th century, the peasants were convinced of an “old splendor of the seventeen,” as the historian of the House of Limpurg Heinrich Prescher states (II, pp. 216-221). At the high court near Seelach, holes in the pillars of former gallows were shown. Allegedly you can never fill them up. Here life and death were judged. The youngest carried out the sentence as an executioner, but threw away his gloves after work.
The story got into the collections of the Brothers Grimm for a third volume of their German sagas through the essay by Justinus Kerner in the Cotta'schen Morgenblatt 1816 (No. 203) . From the handwriting of Jacob Grimm, the legend of Barbara Kindermann-Bieri was printed in 1993 in vol. 3 of the Uther edition of the German sagas:
“Among the residents of the Welzheim forest in Württemberg, the legend of people's courts that once existed there has been preserved. On a heath between Seelach and Nardenheim, the remains of a court are said to be found; the place is one of the highest in the whole forest mountain range, from there it can be overlooked. Here seventeen are said to have judged life and death before the people gathered in the open air. The youngest had the obligation to make the news. He appeared in a red cloak, a broad, long sword in his right hand, and wore large gloves made of red leather, which he threw from himself each time after his judgment. The descendants of these seventeen had kept their swords and cloaks for centuries, until the cloak might disintegrate into itself, but the old, dear sword was more recently forged into bread knives. Old people who are still alive have seen both gems. "
From the Oberamtsbeschreibung Gaildorf 1852 it emerges that the seventeen tradition was still alive among the people at that time. The 87-year-old widow of a seventeen boy from Nardenheim had the gloves in the house and, with regard to the executioner's sword, she remembered that it had been forged from a seventeen man in Seelach into a Astbecker (special form of a hip ).
Around 1953 an enterprising antiquities dealer turned the alleged guiding sword of the Seventeen on to the Schwäbisch Gmünder Stadtmuseum.
Modern misinterpretations
According to the thorough archival research by Adolf Diehl in 1943, the assumptions about an ancient origin of the court and its connection with the county constitution are deprived of all ground. However, this does not prevent the official websites of the communities of Welzheim and Alfdorf (as of October 2005) from transferring the old errors to the Internet. You read about a dish with 17 free farmers that never existed.
Individual evidence
- ^ Barbara Kindermann-Bieri: Deutsche Sagen / 3, edited by Barbara Kindermann-Bieri. Munich: Diederichs, 1993., ISBN 3-424-01177-0 , p. 93. The source there is Morgenblatt [for educated stands . Tübingen 1807-1832] 1816. no. 203 stated
- ↑ Albert Deibele . In: Gmünder Heimatblätter 1957, p. 40 Internet Archive .
literature
- Ernst Kapff : The settlement of the Welzheimer forest and the court of seventeen near Seelach . In: Blätter des Welzheimer Waldverein 1934, pp. 91–93 Internet Archive .
- Adolf Diehl: The free of the Waibelhube and the court of the seventeen . In: Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 7 (1943), pp. 209–288, here pp. 230–243 ( Internet Archive ).
- Günther Dürr: The Seelach Farmer's Dish and the Seventeen . In: Gmünder Heimatblätter 18 (1957), pp. 23–24, 27–29, 35–37 (uncritical).
- Wolfgang Runschke: The manorial rule of the Lorch monastery. Studies on the economic history of a Swabian Benedictine abbey from the High Middle Ages to the Reformation. Dissertation Tübingen 2007 UB Tübingen , pp. 231-233.
