Settlement Im Forach

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Aerial photo of the "Birkenwiese settlement". The yellow dots show the houses in the original settlement
Four houses from the Im Forach estate in the 2017 winter fog.
House number 15 of the settlement in the typical style
This wayside shrine was erected in 1991 for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the settlement in Forach near the Kindergarten Forach and donated by FC Eintracht-Forach .

The settlement in Forach was a development of 26 single-family homes with significant own contribution of the later inhabitants and was built in 1937 to 1938 to low-cost housing for the relatively impoverished sections of the population after the end of World War I in the city of Dornbirn , Vorarlberg , Austria to create, .

Background and story

Such settlements, sometimes also referred to as workers 'settlements or contemporary as workers' colonies , were built in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century on the initiative of non-profit organizations or by entrepreneurs in the entire German-speaking area to provide inexpensive and healthy living space for those who were still living at the time To create largely unpaid strata of the population and to eliminate the housing shortage that prevailed after the war. Architects and construction technicians already began in the mid-19th century, deal with the investment of such settlements to even the simple man durability and safety, functional layout, consideration of light, air and vegetation, but also the leisure and sports facilities, as a basis for healthy living.

The Im Forach settlement with 26 houses is part of the settlement movement in German-speaking countries (see also: Vienna settlement movement ), in which living space for poorer citizens was built on the outskirts of the city at that time (hence the suburbs ). In Austria the settler movement was taken over by the Federal Minister for Social Administration, Josef Resch , in Dornbirn by the Landtag member Josef Anton Fäßler . In order to make the project easy to implement, inexpensive loans were granted and the building site was provided by a municipality on favorable terms. The houses were built by the later owners in a joint effort and the construction costs were kept low. The houses were raffled only after the complete construction among the later owners, so that they could not gain an advantage over the others in the construction. A similar, smaller, settlement like that in Forach was realized in 1934-1935 with 23 units in the Birkenwiese (see settlement Birkenwiese ) and previously, even smaller, as the settlement Im Porst .

To implement such projects, the non-profit settlement cooperative Dornbirn (rGmbH) was founded for the Birkenweise settlement in early August 1934, which was also responsible for the Im Forach settlement . Construction of the settlement began in 1937.

location

The settlement Im Forach (about 414  m above sea level ) was built in a reed area over two hectares in size, until then undeveloped, in what is now the Rohrbach ( Forach ) district on the north-western edge of the then populated urban area. The “Im Forach” settlement comprises the area between “Forachstrasse” and the Fischbach below “Bartle-Zumtobel-Strasse”. The Fischbach flows only a few meters away . In the decades after the Second World War , the Forach area quickly developed into an important settlement area in Dornbirn. Today this settlement is hardly distinguishable from the rest of the settlement area; it was clearly delimited when it was built.

Size of the settlement

The Im Forach estate consists of sixty free-standing, largely identical single-family houses on an area of ​​around 26,000 m². The settlement was expanded by basic divisions after the Second World War and now comprises around forty residential buildings.

Construction, planning, execution and equipment

In order for the requirements to be met to receive a cheap federal loan, various requirements had to be met as part of the project. Every settlement site (residential building with surrounding usable area) must be large enough to enable the keeping of small animals (at least 600 m², maximum 2500 m² floor space). Long-term unemployed, war invalids and large families were supported. The cost of a house should not exceed 5,000 Schilling (EUR 363.36), of which the settler had to raise 10% himself and around 1500 hours of work for the construction of the house. The value of the hours of work was not counted towards this 10%. The remaining 90% were granted as loans by the Federal Housing and Settlement Fund.

The required building site was given by the city of Dornbirn. Each settler received around 1000 m² of building land. After the construction of the entire complex, the houses were raffled among the settlers.

The buildings are traditionally and simply designed in the spirit of the Stuttgart School and have rooms of almost the same size. The twenty two-story single-family houses each provide shelter for one family on each of the two full floors . Kitchen gardens and fences arranged in the same way reinforce the uniform impression of the ensemble, which still exists today, despite additions and changes. At the beginning, the settlers were obliged to plant the kitchen gardens with grain , vegetables and other things for their own consumption and to keep small livestock .

Web links

Commons : Im Forach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Bohle in Dornbirn Lexikon , search word: Im Forach, V. See also Margit Altfahrt: The future lies in the past: Studies on the settlement system of the interwar period, Deuticke 1983, p. 73.
  2. ↑ Werner Bundschuh , inventory: Heimat Dornbirn 1850–1950, Vorarlberger Authors Society, Bregenz 1990, ISBN 3-900754-08-X , p. 151.
  3. ↑ Herbert Amann u. a., Festschrift 40 years of the Birkenwiese suburban settlement 1935-1975 , p. 14.
  4. ↑ Chairman was Josef Anton Fäßler , secretary Georg Maurer and treasurer Mr. Natter. This company was dissolved again in April 1941.
  5. ↑ Herbert Amann u. a., Festschrift 40 years of the Birkenwiese suburban housing estate 1935-1975 , p. 15.
  6. ↑ Albert Bohle in Dornbirn Lexikon , search term: Im Forach, V.
  7. ↑ Stubat, senior newspaper of the city of Dornbirn, No. 32, Dornbirn 2002, p. 5
  8. ↑ poultry , rabbits , goats or z. B. Pigs .
  9. ↑ Herbert Amann u. a., Festschrift 40 years of the Birkenwiese suburban settlement 1935-1975 , p. 11.
  10. ↑ Werner Bundschuh, inventory: Heimat Dornbirn 1850–1950, Vorarlberger Authors Society, Bregenz 1990, ISBN 3-900754-08-X , p. 152.
  11. ↑ This corresponded to about four to five monthly salaries of a simple worker (see: Stubat, senior newspaper of the city of Dornbirn, No. 32, Dornbirn 2002, p. 5).
  12. ↑ Stubat, senior newspaper of the city of Dornbirn, No. 32, Dornbirn 2002, p. 5. 1500 working hours at that time corresponded to about 1500 schillings.
  13. ↑ Herbert Amann u. a., Festschrift 40 years of the Birkenwiese suburban housing estate 1935-1975 , p. 12.
  14. ↑ Werner Bundschuh, inventory: Heimat Dornbirn 1850–1950, Vorarlberger Authors Society, Bregenz 1990, ISBN 3-900754-08-X , p. 152. See also regulation of the Federal Ministry for Social Administration of April 6, 1925, Federal Law Gazette No. 187 and decree of the Federal, Housing and Settlement Office of October 26, 1932, Zl. 83103/32 on the guidelines for such suburban settlements.
  15. ↑ Werner Bundschuh, inventory: Heimat Dornbirn 1850–1950, Vorarlberger Authors Society, Bregenz 1990, ISBN 3-900754-08-X , p. 152. Stubat, senior newspaper of the city of Dornbirn, no. 32, Dornbirn 2002, p. 5.

Coordinates: 47 ° 25 ′ 44.8 "  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 6.8"  E