Simarouba amara
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Simarouba amara is a tree in the bitter scissors family from northern South and Central America .
The smaller Simarouba glauca is very similar , with larger fruits, flowers and anthers, which is more often used for fat extraction than for wood , and the generic name is also often written with Simaruba . Both types are also referred to as "Aceituno".
description
Simarouba amara is a fast-growing, evergreen , large tree that grows to about 35-40 meters high. The relatively smooth, fine-furrowed bark is greyish or brownish and easily cracked with age.
The stalked, alternate leaves are alternating, mostly unpaired, pinnate with about 9–21 leaflets . The short-stalked, glabrous, leathery leaflets with a glossy surface are often very distant and alternating. They have entire margins, often spiky, obovate to oblong or elliptical and rounded to truncated and sometimes indented. They are about 5-14 centimeters long and underneath light green to glaucoma and weak to slightly papillary. The veins are pinnate, with indistinct lateral arteries above.
Simarouba amara is dioecious diocesan . The unisexual, stalked and usually five-fold, green-yellowish flowers with a double flower envelope are in terminal panicles . The cup-shaped calyx is small, with five short, broad lobes. The roof-tile petals are egg-shaped and rather straight. The male, somewhat longer flowers have 10 stamens , with a hairy, scaly appendage at the base, in two circles of unequal length and a small, pillow-shaped and hairy, reduced pestle. The female flowers have a fünfkammerigen, Upper permanent and tieflappigen, on a sheave prop foot standing (Gynobasis) ovary with short, gynobasischem pen and five, oblong, covered scars branches and short, hairy staminodes.
There are schizocarps on a Karpophor formed. The individual, ellipsoidal and olive-like, slightly two-part and bare stone fruits (mericarpies) are about 1.3-1.7 centimeters in size and when ripe they are yellow to orange-reddish and then black-blue. The large, egg-shaped stone core is somewhat veined and light brown and about 1.4 centimeters long.
use
An edible fat is obtained from the seeds , it can also be used for various industrial applications. It can be used as cocoa butter equivalent .
The edible fruit pulp is processed into beverages. The seed or stone bowls can, for. B. can be used as activated carbon .
The bark (root bark; Cortex Simaroubae) and the leaves can be used medicinally.
The light, light and soft, not very durable wood is used as a soundboard in string instruments. It can also be used for various other applications or for matches. It is known as Simar (o) uba or Marupá .
literature
- EV Franceschinelli, K. Yamamoto, GJ Shepherd: Distinctions among Three Simarouba Species In: Systematic Botany. Vol. 23, No. 4, 1998, pp. 479-488, online at academia.edu.
- Arthur Cronquist: Studies in the Simaroubaceae-II. The genus Simarouba. In: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. Vol. 71, no. 3, 1944, pp. 226-234, doi: 10.2307 / 2481702 .
Web links
- Simarouba amara at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Simarouba amara at iNaturalist (many pictures)
- Simarouba amara at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
- Marupá with wood from the specialist.