Solanum pseudolulo
| Solanum pseudolulo | ||||||||||||
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Solanum pseudolulo |
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| Solanum pseudolulo | ||||||||||||
| Hoarse |
Solanum Pseudolulo is a plant type from the genus of Solanaceae ( Solanum ). Within the genus, it is classified in the subgenus Leptostemonum , which is mainly characterized by the conspicuous spines . The species occurs mainly in Colombia , where juice is obtained from the fruits.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum pseudolulo is an upright or creeping, perennial subshrub that reaches a height of 0.5 to 1.5 m. The stem axis is reinforced with 5 to 10 mm long, needle-shaped spines, which can stand very close and are occasionally glandular. Furthermore, the stem axis is covered with star-shaped trichomes , which can be long-stalked, short-stalked or even perched. The trichome stalks can reach a length of 0.5 to 2.5 mm, the five to eight side rays are 0.7 to 1.5 mm long. Trichome tips sitting in the middle can be as long as the side rays or a little longer.
The leaves standing in pairs are comparatively small for the Lasiocarpa section : the leaf blades are 9 to 30 (rarely up to 35) × 7 to 25 cm long, usually 1 to 1.3 times as long as they are wide. They are broadly ovate or elliptical in shape and relatively thin. The edge is roughly three to four times serrated, the teeth are triangular or flattened triangular. The rounded tips of the leaf lobes form the ends of the lateral veins. The arches between the leaf lobes are usually entire. The upper side of the leaf appears to be covered with simple trichomes, but these are mostly sessile star-shaped trichomes with central tips elongated to 1.5 to 3 mm and two to six very short (0.1 to 0.3 mm) side rays. The underside of the leaf is whitish, tomentose-haired with perched star-shaped trichomes. The hairiness of the 1.5 to 10 cm long leaf stalks resembles the hairiness of the stem axis. The petioles, the middle vein and the three to five lateral veins per half of the leaf are armed with spines. These are usually larger than the spines of the shoot axes, but are also further apart. They reach lengths of 15 mm and are up to 3 mm wide at the base.
Inflorescences and flowers
The unbranched inflorescences, which are usually opposite the leaves, are usually sessile and consist of six to nine flowers that are on an inflorescence axis up to 0.5 cm long. This is densely covered with star-shaped trichomes on the underside, spines are missing. The flower stalks are 2 to 7 mm long and extend only slightly to a maximum of 10 mm when the fruit is ripe. The outer flowers of an inflorescence usually have only short, sterile styles .
The flowers have a broad, bell-shaped calyx with a diameter of 8 to 10 mm. The calyx tube has a length of 4 to 8 mm, the calyx lobes, which are provided with a distinctive central vein, are 4 to 8 × 4 to 5 mm in size. The latter are egg-shaped or triangular, often a little pointed, upright or splayed, with woolly star-shaped trichomes on the back. The white, star-shaped and thin-walled crown has a diameter of 2 to 3.5 cm and is 10 to 12 mm long. The ovate-lanceolate corolla lobes are 12 to 15 × 4 to 6 mm in size, pointed, densely covered with star-shaped trichomes on the back and hairless on the inside.
The stamens consist of barely 1 mm long stamens that are fused into a tube and do not have a free-standing unit. The yellow, 3.5 to 5.5 × 1.5 to 2 mm large anthers are elongated-tapered, have a blunt tip and are inclined or directed outwards. They open through small pores that point upwards and outwards.
The ovary is densely hairy. The hairless, cylindrical stylus is large mm in hermaphrodite flowers 5 × 0.5 and projects over the dust bag by 1 to 2 mm. The scar is blunt to head-shaped.
Fruits and seeds
One to three fruits develop per inflorescence, which when ripe are orange or yellow-orange, spherical and 2 to 4 cm in size. The pulp is yellow to light orange. Unripe fruits are coated with coarse-haired, star-shaped trichomes, whose central tips are 0.5 to 2.5 mm and whose 5 to 15 side rays are 0.1 to 0.3 mm long. However, by the time the fruit is ripe, the fruits become bald.
The fruits contain numerous lens-shaped seeds that have a size of 2.2 to 2.5 × 2 mm. The outer edge is egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped, the surface is finely grained and colored yellow or light brown.
Other specifications
The set of chromosomes is diploid with .
Distribution and locations
The species is mainly native to Colombia , where it is found in and around the Andes at altitudes between 200 and 2,000 m. The distribution area extends from Antioquia and Santander to Valle del Cauca and Huila . Occasionally, plants can also be found in Ecuador ; it is not known whether they occur wild there.
The plants grow as weeds on pastures, roadsides and other disturbed locations as well as in open savannas and in thickets along river banks. They prefer full sun, sometimes partial shade and moderately moist to dry soil.
Systematics
Solanum pseudolulo belongs to the Lasiocarpa section of the subgenus Leptostemonum in the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ). Phylogenetic studies confirm the classification in the Lasiocarpa or Leptostemonum clade . The closest relatives include Solanum candidum , Solanum hyporhodium , Solanum lasiocarpum , Solanum felinum , Solanum quitoense , Solanum repandum, and Solanum vestissimum .
use
The fruits of Solanum pseudolulo are often harvested and eaten or made into juice in Colombia. The taste varies from tart and tasty to relatively tasteless. Sometimes the fruit is preferred over the "real Lulo " ( Solanum quitoense ), on the other hand they are hardly differentiated in markets. The plants are not cultivated, but tolerated as wild plants in gardens and in fields. The local names for the plant are "lulo común" or "lulo de perro".
Botanical history
The species was first described by Charles Bixler Heiser in 1968 , which is relatively surprising, since the range is in a relatively heavily populated area of Colombia. The species epithet indicates the strong similarity to the Lulo ( Solanum quitoense ).
swell
- PBI Solanum: Solanum pseudolulo profile
Individual evidence
- ↑ Solanum pseudolulo at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis