Midsummer Knapweed

Midsummer Knapweed
	Solstice knapweed ( Centaurea solstitialis )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Carduoideae
Tribe :	Cynareae
Genre :	Knapweed ( Centaurea )
Type :	Midsummer Knapweed
Scientific name
	Centaurea solstitialis
	L.

The solstice knapweed ( Centaurea solstitialis ) is a species of knapweed ( Centaurea ).

features

The solstice knapweed is a summer annual or annual wintering half-rosette plant that reaches heights of 20 to 80 centimeters. The species forms a taproot. The leaves are sagging and gray-tomentose. The pappus is 3 to 5 millimeters long. He lacks the marginal fruits. The bracts run out into a tough thorn. The crown is yellow.

The flowering period extends from July to September. The flowers are pollinated by insects. The seeds are spread by glue spreading, as steppe rollers by spreading wind and by humans.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

The solstice knapweed is native to North Africa, Southern Europe, Hungary, Ukraine, Western and Central Asia, and the Caucasus. It is a neophyte in South Africa, Egypt, Oman, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. It grows in moderately dry ruderal areas such as rubble, roadsides and transshipment points, on clover and alfalfa fields and on field edges. The species is basenhold , i. i.e., it prefers basic soils . It occurs mainly in Onopordetum, but also in societies of the Sisymbrion Association. In Germany, the species has been found as an unstable neophyte since 1830.

Systematics

Habitus

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

Centaurea solstitialis subsp. adamii (Willd.) Nyman : It occurs in Italy, Sicily, Serbia, Macedonia, Slovakia, Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia.
Centaurea solstitialis subsp. carneola (Boiss.) Wagenitz (Syn .: Centaurea carneola Boiss. ): It occurs in Turkey.
Centaurea solstitialis subsp. erythracantha (Halácsy) Dostál : It occurs in Greece.
Centaurea solstitialis subsp. pyracantha (Boiss.) Wagenitz (Syn .: Centaurea pyracantha Boiss. ): It occurs in Turkey.
Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Sicily and Sardinia.
Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis

literature

Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (ed.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 4: Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 974 .
^ ^A ^b Centaurea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Centaurea solstitialis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Solstice Knapweed - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Midsummer Knapweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
Midsummer Knapweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Centaurea solstitialis L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
Thomas Meyer: Knapweed data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 974 .

[GRIN-2] A ^b Centaurea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 30, 2018.

[Euro+Med-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Centaurea solstitialis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.