Soviet education

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Soviet pedagogy or Soviet education was a common in East and West Germany for the term in the Soviet Union created and officially propagated by the Soviet education pedagogy . Anton Makarenko (1888–1939) in particular was considered an outstanding pedagogue for social and collective education. In addition, the work of Lev Wygotski (1896–1934) and Alexei Leontjew (1903–1979) on the theory of activity were considered to be decisive for educational psychology in the GDR . One can also be the wife of Lenin's Nadezhda Krupskayaadd, who was responsible for education in the Council of People's Representatives. The theorist from the labor school Pawel Blonski , on the other hand, was convicted under Stalin in 1936 and was only rediscovered in the 1980s.

Emphasis is placed on social causality and the possibility of influencing psychological behavior and learning, so that social changes also have an impact on growing children. With this, Soviet pedagogy stood in opposition to naturalistic theories of upbringing, especially those based on racist and biological reasons.

In the GDR, Soviet education was particularly favored by the 4th Pedagogical Congress in August 1949, promoted by Hans Siebert . This was associated with a rejection of the German pedagogical reform tradition of the Weimar Republic , even if it aimed at more equality and emancipation in a “late bourgeois” way. However, the German pedagogical classics (e.g. Salzmann , Herder , Diesterweg ) were rehabilitated at the 5th Pedagogical Congress in 1956, by searching for syntheses. After 1970, anti-authoritarian pedagogy , which was noticeable in the West ( Summerhill ), also met with strict rejection . With the Soviet education too extensive individualization and dissociation from the collective were rejected.

Edgar Drefenstedt published in 1977 the standard work of GDR pedagogy ?? Pedagogical activity, essence, aim and content , which the Soviet pedagogue Boris Lichatschow (1929–1998; theory of communist education , Moscow 1974) translated or was related to.

In the present, many approaches of the early “Soviet pedagogues” are being continued critically, also because they left their mark on GDR science.

literature