Fried iron
Mirror iron is a ferro-manganese - alloy containing about 6 to 40% manganese, 4 to 5% carbon , up to 1% silicon and small amounts of phosphorus and sulfur containing. Mirror iron is also sometimes referred to as mirror cast iron.
use
Historically, fried iron was the standard form in which manganese was traded and used in steel making . Manganese is useful in steel making because it combines with phosphorus, sulfur and silicon dioxide and removes them (to some extent) from the iron . It has been widely used in conjunction with the Bessemer process to both introduce carbon and manganese into the steel and to reduce impurities in the steel.
Manufacturing
In the 19th century, mirror iron was made either by mixing iron ores with appropriate manganese contents and smelting them directly, or by adding pyrolusite or manganite to previously melted iron in a cupellation furnace.
Today, manganese is mostly only traded and used in a more concentrated form, with a manganese content of 80% being typical.
literature
- Wilhelm Domke: Materials science and material testing . 10th, improved edition. Cornelsen, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7736-1220-6 , pp. 249 .
- Lueger: Lexicon of all technology - Spiegeleisen at Zeno.org .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Spiegeleisen at Spektrum.de
- ^ A b Hugh Hartmann: Spiegeleisen Manufacturing . In: Fifth Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana . Sentinel Company, Printers, Indianapolis 1874, pp. 71–101 ( available online as a PDF at scholarworks.iu.edu ).
- ↑ George J. Snelus: On the Manufacture and Use of Spiegeleisen . In: Charles Frederick Chandler, William Henry Chandler (Eds.): The American Chemist . tape 6-7 . CF Chandler, Columbia June 1876, p. 16–20 ( limited preview in Google Book search).