Game movement
The game movement was a pedagogical renewal effort to reform physical exercise in Germany , Austria and the USA at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. The first initiatives arose where connections to Great Britain were particularly close, such as with Konrad Koch in Braunschweig , who set up the first game afternoon in 1872. Sports games like soccer were common there. Scripture What we suffer (1881) of the Düsseldorf Emil Hartwich shook German society and led to the game adoption of the Prussian Cultural Misters Gustav Konrad Heinrich von Goßler , which the municipalities in Prussia were encouraged to play and sports facilities to build and a homework free games afternoon at the To set up high schools.
In 1891, the Prussian MP Emil von Schenckendorff and Ferdinand August Schmidt founded the Central Committee for the Promotion of Youth and Popular Games in Germany. One of the main goals was the physical training of young men for military service . Parts of the game movement went up in 1911 in the Young Germany Federation . ( pro patria est dum ludere videmur )
The game movement also represented a compromise between the gymnastics movement with its gymnastics games and the young sports movement with its sports games .
In Austria, the movement did not begin until later, following the Enquete for Physical Education (1910), which pursued similar goals of state provision of resources for pre-military youth education .
In Great Britain and the USA there was the Playground Movement at the same time .
literature
- Eerke U. Hamer : The beginnings of the "game movement" in Germany. (= Articles and sources on sport and society. Volume 3). Arena Publ., London 1989, ISBN 0-902175-48-3 .
- Eerke U. Hamer: Two medicine professors as gymnastics reformers: FA Schmidt and F. Hueppes crusade for hygiene and body care. Documentation in the form of their biographies and bibliographies. Sport and Book Strauss, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-89001-096-2 .
- Arnd Krüger : Sport and politics: from gymnastics father Jahn to state amateur. Torch bearer, Hanover 1975, ISBN 3-7716-2087-2 .
- Arnd Krüger : Education through physical education or "Pro patria est dum ludere videmur". In: R. Dithmar, J. Willer (Hrsg.): School between Empire and Fascism. Knowledge Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1981, ISBN 3-534-08537-X , pp. 102-122.
- Gerd Steins (Ed.): Play Movement - Movement Play: 100 Years of Gossler's Player Decree, State Library Prussian Cultural Heritage in Berlin, May 7th - June 24th 1982. Forum for Sports History, Berlin 1982, DNB 930675185 .
- Stephan Wassong : Playgrounds and playgrounds: the game movement in the USA and Germany 1870–1930. Meyer & Meyer, Aachen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89899-244-2 .
