Gymnastics game
As turn games the games are referred to in the clubs of the German Gymnastics Federation (DTB) are operated or have been.
One can differentiate between:
- Gymnastics games in the strict sense. They, or their rules are in DTB or already in the German Gymnastics Association (DT) arose (eg. As rounders , Fistball , Prellball ).
- Gymnastics games in the broader sense. They are carried out by the DTB as a professional association (e.g. ring tennis , Indiaca , korfball ).
- Special case handball : handball broke away completely from the gymnastics movement after the Second World War . Since the founding of its own association ( Deutscher Handballbund , DHB), but at the latest since the professionalization of this sport, handball is generally no longer understood or called a gymnastics game.
history
Gymnastics games at the German Gymnastics Festival until 1913
Up until 1913, gymnastics games were played without determining a tournament winner or master:
- 1885 in Dresden : bar running, running and ball games
- 1894 in Breslau : batball, fistball, bar run, sling ball, border ball (as well as soccer)
- 1898 in Hamburg : 81 friendly matches in batter, also fistball, drumball, bar run, sling ball (as well as soccer)
- 1903 in Nuremberg : 110 friendship games in fistball, also drum ball, punch ball, sling ball, bar run (as well as soccer and bike ball)
- 1908 in Frankfurt : 319 games in batting, fistball, drumball, bar running (and soccer)
- 1913 in Leipzig : championship games in batball, fistball (as well as soccer, water polo); Friendly games: 6 batting, 104 fistball, 4 soccer, 2 hockey, 3 bar running, 5 drum ball games
German championships
Except in marginal ball and until World War I obviously quite popular Barlauf (sometimes: Barrlauf ) were introduced gradually from 1913 German Championships.
| game | Men | Women | Mixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bat ball | 1913-1954 | 1921-1936 |
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| Fistball (field) | since 1913 | since 1921 |
|
| Fistball (hall) | since 1971 | since 1973 |
|
| Handball (field) | 1921-1975 | 1921-1973 |
|
| Handball (hall) | since 1950 (DHB) | since 1958 (DHB) |
|
| Netball (field) |
|
1921-1999 |
|
| Netball (hall) |
|
since 1969 |
|
| Sling ball game | 1921-1924 |
|
|
| Drum ball |
|
1921-1923 |
|
| Bounce ball | since 1964 | since 1964 |
|
| Dodgeball |
|
since 1996 (cup) |
|
| Ring tennis | since 1931 | since 1931 | since 1931 |
| Ring tennis (team) |
|
|
since 1971 |
| Korfball |
|
|
since 1995 (cup) |
| Indiaca | since 1998 | since 1998 | since 1998 |
According to the game rules of the DT and today of the DTB, the participation of at least four gymnastics circles or, today, state gymnastics associations is required to hold German championships (DM) . As a result, a DM is no longer played in hit ball, sling ball game and drum ball (also: tambourine ball ) , in dodgeball and korfball it is not yet played.
Interruptions (e.g. due to the world wars) are not included in the table.
Regional championships and cups
- Drum ball is now de facto extinct.
- In the case of batting, this also applies to championships. There is currently only one registered association in Germany, the Kieler Keulen . You organize two tournaments for city teams every year. In addition, there has been an annual island comparison match between Spiekeroog and Langeoog for over 60 years .
- There are two state leagues in Lower Saxony (Oldenburg and East Frisia) with a corresponding substructure (district league, district class, district class, youth league) for the sling ball game.
- Two- way bounce ball is played in Hesse in a regional league (men and women) with a corresponding sub-structure (association and district leagues, as well as regional leagues for children, young people and juniors).
- Dodgeball is now (November 2006) played in six national associations. The winners and runner-ups hold a tournament for the DTB Cup , which can be considered an unofficial DM. Most associations are discussing the introduction of a Bundesliga for 2007.
- In Indiaca, the YMCA sports association Eichenkreuz has been holding championships according to its own rules since 1979 (men) and 1981 (women and mixed). As a forerunner of the DM of the DTB, there was a DTB Cup from 1995 to 1997 .
- Korfball is played in one regional league and one upper league north-west, which were founded in 2007. Their substructure is formed by two association leagues (Rhenish and Westphalian Gymnastics Association). The remaining clubs are so widely spread across Germany that further leagues are out of the question. (A club from Dresden even played in the 2nd Czech league!). There is also a DTB-Pokal (also: Deutscher Korfball-Cup ) in the Korfball , in which one club per regional gymnastics association can participate. In 2007 there were eight participants for the first time: SVK Beiertheim ( Badischer Turnerbund ), KGB München ( Bavarian Gymnastics Association ), FU Berlin ( Berliner Turnerbund ), MTV Hohenkirchen ( Lower Saxony Gymnastics Association ), TuS Schildgen ( Rheinischer Turnerbund ), Elbelche Dresden ( Saxon Gymnastics Association ), VfB Ulm ( Schwäbischer Turnerbund ) and the HKC Albatros from Castrop-Rauxel ( Westfälischer Turnerbund ).
Gymnastics championships
Until 1971, German championships in the gymnastics games were held at a joint event. Usually it was a weekend in early or mid-September. By then, the regional winners who contested the tournament had been determined. There was an exception for the handball game . This had borrowed its season division from football and was therefore not represented at the gymnastics championships. Another exception arose for the date in the years in which a German Gymnastics Festival took place: In some years, the gymnastics championships were held as part of the gymnastics festival, and thus one to two months earlier (so 1913, 1923, 1928, 1933 and 1948) . In 1953 and 1958 there were no gymnastics championships because of the gymnastics festival. The gymnastics festival winners of those years were not considered German champions.
In the German Gymnastics Association , the district champions of the larger gymnastics circles were directly qualified; the champions of the smaller gymnastics circles had to contest a total of three to four tournaments (district group championships ), in which a district group champion was also determined for the final round.
In the Reichsbund for physical exercises , the Gaumeister took part in the final tournament. Possibly. they determined the final round participants beforehand in the knockout system .
In the German Gymnastics Federation , the champions of the regional gymnastics associations were qualified.
Several reasons finally led to the abandonment of uniform gymnastics championships: Fewer and fewer cities were willing to carry out the complete program and provide the corresponding sports facilities. In almost all games - first in fistball - national leagues were founded, which made a final round of regional champions superfluous. In addition to the open-air games, there were only indoor games (bounce balls) that other competition venues required. In the bounce ball, in addition to the German champions of the performance class, champions in the various age groups of juniors and seniors of both sexes are determined.
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International gymnastics games
Outside Germany, almost all of these games are organized in their own umbrella organizations, rarely in the respective gymnastics association (in Switzerland fistball and basketball).
International competitions or at least international matches are played in almost all games.
| game | Men | Women | Mixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fistball (field) | |||
| World Championship | since 1968 | since 1994 |
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| World Games | since 1985 |
|
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| European Championship | since 1965 | Since 1993 |
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| World Cup (clubs) | since 1986 | since 1997 |
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| European Cup (clubs) | since 1963 | Since 1993 |
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| IFV- / IFA-Cup (clubs) | since 1991 |
|
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| Fistball (hall) | |||
| European Cup (clubs) | since 1984 | since 1994 |
|
| Handball (field) | |||
| Olympic games | 1936 |
|
|
| World Championship | 1938-1966 | 1949-1960 |
|
| European Cup (clubs) | 1968-1970 |
|
|
| Handball (hall) : not listed here (see above) | |||
| Ring tennis | |||
| World Championship | since 2006 | since 2006 | since 2006 |
| Korfball | |||
| World Championship |
|
|
since 1978 |
| World Games |
|
|
since 1985 |
| European Championship |
|
|
since 1992 |
| European Cup (clubs) |
|
|
since 1967 |
| Indiaca | |||
| World Championship | since 2001 | since 2001 | since 2001 |
| World Cup (clubs) | since 2002 | since 2002 | since 2002 |
| Tamburello | |||
| European Cup (field) | since 1996 | since 2001 |
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| European Cup (hall) | Since 1993 | Since 1993 |
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- Tamburello: Only club teams from Italy and (South) France take part in the European Cup, and recently also national teams from other countries in the European Indoor Cup . The team variant (five players per team) is almost identical to the game of drum ball , which was also practiced in the German gymnastics club from the 1890s to the 1920s. However, in today's tamburello up to 13 points are played, in the old drum ball after a fixed playing time.
- There are still no international competitions in the bounce ball; outside of Germany, it is now also operated in Austria, Switzerland, Sweden and Argentina. The first international matches have already been played.
- Netball is only available in Germany and Switzerland. There is no interstate traffic because the rules are very different in both countries, see basketball and basketball (Switzerland) .
swell
- Deutsche Turnerschaft (ed.): Yearbook of Turnkunst 1913 ff., Emil Stock, Leipzig, 1913 ff.
- Deutsche Turnerschaft (ed.): Yearbook of Turnkunst 1924 ff., Limpert, Dresden, 1924 ff.
- Deutscher Turner-Bund (ed.): Jahrbuch der Turnkunst 1952 ff., Limpert, Frankfurt a. M., 1952 ff.
- Deutscher Turner-Bund (Ed.): Jahrbuch der Turnkunst 1967 ff., Pohl, Celle, 1967 ff.
- Paul Schmugge (ed.): Handbuch der Turnspiele 1925. Official yearbook for the Turnspiele of the German Turnerschaft , Wilhelm Limpert, Dresden, 1924.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl Diem (Ed.): Yearbook of physical exercises for popular and youth games 1931, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1931.