Sports management
The term sports management describes actions and structures in which executives offer sports goods or services. There are several aspects of the term:
- Sports management as a department or management of an organization, for example a sports club , a sports association , a sports facility , or in the company of a sports goods manufacturer
- Sports management as the activity of the sports manager in the same environment
- Sports management as a representative of an athlete who has hired an independent sports manager.
Sub-areas of sports management
Sports management is divided into two areas: Sports management ...
- ... as a function, for example in the area of club management, where sports management is used to administer and run a sports company.
- ... as an institution of the sports manager. Sports managers work in the management of sports clubs and associations as well as in the management of commercial sports facilities, in sports facilities or with manufacturers of sporting goods. As managers of sports clubs and organizations, they manage the finances, look for suitable sponsors , do public relations work or are involved in the marketing of sports events.
function
Sports management as a department or leadership of an organization
Sports management as corporate management of institutions, organizations, companies and clubs is carried out by sports managers. It includes functions for planning, organizing, managing and controlling a company that offers sports or fitness-related services, products or other services.
"Sports management characterizes the goal-oriented design in sport, the management of sports organizations"
institution
Sports management as the activity of the sports manager
The activities of sports managers are traditionally described with the managerial functions going back to Fayol (1929): planning, organization, leadership and control. The activities are not only internally but also externally oriented. Managers not only need technical skills, but also conceptual and social skills.
Sports managers are responsible for the professional organization of sports events or provide funding for sponsoring or sports marketing agencies. However, they also work in smaller sub-areas, such as municipal sports administration or for fitness studios .
The activity in club and mass sports requires special skills that differ from usual managerial and economic skills. Sports management in this area is not just about maintaining tradition, but also actively shaping the future of sport for young people and clubs. Unlike in other management areas, profit optimization or profit maximization is not necessarily the focus of sports management. The maximization of benefits (sporting success) is in principle higher than maximization of profits, as otherwise a number of clubs would no longer exist due to over-indebtedness.
Areas of responsibility can be:
- Management of finances
- Search for sponsors and the organization of sponsor appearances
- Marketing of a club, merchandising and distribution, jersey and perimeter advertising
- Public relations and marketing of clubs, companies in the sporting goods industry (clothing and equipping of athletes), sporting events: press, radio and television (negotiating TV rights)
Leading sports managers are still generalists, comparable to corporate managers. A well-known example of this is Uli Hoeneß . However, job titles and activities in sports management are changing. In the course of professionalization measures in the Bundesliga, the position of sports director was introduced, who is responsible for administrative matters of a club: creating schedules (e.g. booking training camps, arrival and departure), organizing accommodation for away games, Compilation of the squad.
Sports management as a representative of an athlete
Self-employed sports managers appear in different areas of the sports industry, some managers work across departments. There are special forms of management and sports managers who have become famous in the following sports:
- Boxing: boxing promoter and boxing manager
- Football: player agent (player advisor, player agent )
Examples of well-known sports managers: the boxing promoter Don King , in Germany the former racing driver Willi Weber , who managed Ralf Schumacher and other well-known racing drivers.
Profession sports manager
Experts estimate that there are around 800,000 jobs in Germany that can be assigned to the sports management area. Small annual salaries of € 25,000 are possible, but also top earnings of € 500,000 in the Bundesliga. As diverse as the annual salaries are the complex demands of many people and the emotions of sport. In addition to leadership skills, organizational and communication skills as well as empathy are required. In addition to studying, it is important to have a lot of practical experience that creates contacts and sharpens the profile. The modern sports manager is often under time pressure and needs a high level of frustration. In simplified terms, one can say that the requirement profile is based on three technical pillars: business basics, legal basics, and general basic knowledge of sports management.
Required competencies / skills
Different types of managers influence their suitability:
- Generalist (small organization, all activities above average)
- Administrator (small organization, almost all activities below average importance)
- Delegator (large organization, therefore usually several managers, some below average importance)
Decisive properties:
- Communication skills (networking and making contacts and intercultural communication)
- Coordination skills (organizational talent)
- Business skills (financial management, control, administration and financial management; as well as personnel and employee management, recruiting, training and further education)
- Social skills and competencies (ability to work in a team, critical ability, assertiveness and diplomatic skills, e.g. in the form of communication skills)
- Expertise (club and sport knowledge)
- Representative ability
Areas of responsibility according to frequency of mention
- Finances Financial management, financial control, financial administration, budget control, tax processing, finance, securing financing and the like. a.
- Personnel Personnel and employee management, recruitment of personnel, search for personnel, training and further education of personnel, etc. a.
- Communication public relations, sponsoring, marketing, public relations, maintaining contacts, etc. a.
- Sports offer Create sports offer, maintain sports operations, make sports facilities available, etc. a.
- Coordination of the club departments Cooperation and communication with club departments, coordination of areas of responsibility, providing information, etc. a.
Training opportunities
In Germany, a total of 52 courses in sports management and sports economics will be offered by state or state-recognized universities for the 2016/17 winter semester. The 52 courses are 27 Bachelor's, 18 consecutive Master's courses and seven MBA courses. However, it is not possible to clearly distinguish between courses in sports and economics. The courses are courses with explicit professional goals in the field of sports management. In addition to these courses, there are other "courses" from private providers without university status. a. advertise with the label "study course" or "study sport management".
| Course name | University | graduation | College type |
|---|---|---|---|
| "International management" for top athletes | Ansbach University | Bachelor | University of Applied Sciences |
| International Sports Management | Accadis College | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Global Sports Management | Accadis College | master | University (private) |
| Business Administration (with elective specialization in Sport Management) | Berlin University of Economics, Technology and Culture | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports economics | University of Bayreuth | Bachelor | university |
| Sports economics | University of Bayreuth | master | university |
| Sports management | University of Bayreuth | MBA | university |
| Business administration with a focus on sports management | Business School Berlin University of Management | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports management | University of Applied Management - University of Applied Sciences | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports management | University of Applied Management - University of Applied Sciences | master | University (private) |
| Sport and Event Management | BiTs university | Bachelor | University (private) |
| International Sport and Event Management | BiTs university | master | University (private) |
| "Sports Science" "Economy and Society" "" | Bielefeld University | Bachelor | university |
| "Sports Science" "Organizational Development and Management" "" | Bielefeld University | master | university |
| "Sports Science (with a focus on" "Sports Management" ")" | University of Bochum | Bachelor | university |
| Business administration with elective sports economics | University of Bremen | Bachelor | university |
| Sports management | Darmstadt University of Technology | master | university |
| Sports business management | IST University for Management | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports business management | IST University for Management | master | University (private) |
| WHU Part-Time MBA Sports Business Track | WHU Otto Beisheim School of Management | MBA | University (private) |
| Media management with a major in sports and event management | Macromedia University | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports management | University of Applied Sciences Fresenius | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports management | SRH University of Heidelberg | master | University (private) |
| Sports science - focus on sports management | University of Jena | Bachelor | university |
| Sports management | University of Jena | MBA | university |
| Sports management and sports communication | German Sport University Cologne | Bachelor | university |
| Sports management | German Sport University Cologne | master | university |
| Business administration and culture, leisure and sports management | Heilbronn University | Bachelor | University of Applied Sciences |
| Business administration and culture, leisure and sports management | Heilbronn University | master | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports management | University of Leipzig | Bachelor | university |
| Sports management | University of Leipzig | master | university |
| Sports Science - International Sports Management | University of Mainz | master | university |
| International business - focus on international sports management | Munich Business School | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports Business and Communication | Munich Business School | master | University (private) |
| Sports management | University of Kaiserslautern | MBA | University of Applied Sciences |
| management | University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports management | University of Potsdam | Bachelor | university |
| Sports management | Koblenz University of Applied Sciences | Bachelor | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports management | Koblenz University of Applied Sciences | master | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports management | Koblenz University of Applied Sciences | MBA | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports management | SRH Fernhochschule - The Mobile University | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Business administration and management (specialization in sports management) | SRH Fernhochschule - The Mobile University | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports economics | German University for Prevention and Health Management | Bachelor | University (private) |
| Sports economics | German University for Prevention and Health Management | master | University (private) |
| Sports / health management | German University for Prevention and Health Management in cooperation with Saarland University | MBA | University (private) |
| Leisure, sports and tourism management | Saarland University of Technology and Economics | master | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports management | Ostfalia College | Bachelor | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports management | Schmalkalden University / IST University | MBA | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports science with the profile sports management | University of Tübingen | Bachelor | university |
| Sports science with the profile sports management | University of Tübingen | master | university |
| Sports management | University of Wismar | Bachelor | University of Applied Sciences |
| Sports Science Leadership and Management in Sports | University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich | master | university |
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ André Bühler, Gerd Nufer: Sportmanagement: Introduction and perspective . In: André Bühler, Gerd Nufer (Hrsg.): Management in Sport . Business basics and applications of modern sports economics (= sports management . SPM 01). 2nd, revised and significantly expanded edition. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-503-12693-4 , Chapter 1: Sport Management: Introduction and Perspective, p. 6 .
- ↑ H.-D. Horch: The job market for sports managers. In: G. Nufer, A. Bühler (Ed.): Management in Sport. Erich Schmidt, Berlin 2010, pp. 537-564.
- ↑ Let the big game begin: a career in the sports business. In: Handelsblatt. June 2010.
- ^ Profession sports manager - accessed on February 27, 2012
- ^ G. Trosien: Sportmanagement. In: T. Bezhold, L. Thieme, G. Trosien, R. Wadsack (eds.): Hand dictionary of sport management. Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2008, pp. 180-189.
- ^ A. Thiel, J. Mayer: Features of the management of sports clubs. In: S. Braun, S. Hansen (ed.): Control in organized sport. Czwalina, Hamburg 2008, pp. 130-148.
- ↑ From 1988 to 1991 the first German magazine for sport management was published with Sportsponsor: Zeitschrift für Sportwerbung, Sport-Sponsoring und Sportmarketing . The editor-in-chief was Arnd Krüger .
- ↑ Turning your hobby into a job. In: Mediaplanet. February 6, 2010.
- ↑ For the breadth of the range of tasks cf. Arnd Krüger, Axel Dreyer (Hrsg.): Sportmanagement: a topic-related introduction. Oldenbourg, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-486-20030-5 .
- ↑ Wallrodt, S. & Thieme, L. (2017) "Sports economics courses in Germany: competition or alignment in the organizational field?". In T. Pawlowski, M. Fahrner (ed.), Labor markets and sport. Schorndorf: Hofmann.