Aviation license for air sports equipment operators

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This article only presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

The pilot's license for sports aircraft , (Engl. Sport Pilot License, SPL ) , is a permit that for guiding air sports equipment justified. It is basically limited to air sports equipment approved in Germany in German airspace. Due to the purely national regulations for air sports equipment in Europe, the entry or use of the pilot's license outside of Germany requires a general regulation or an individual permit from the host country.

Aviation license for air sports equipment operators

Types of license

Three-axle microlight aircraft
UL gyroplane
UL helicopter
Trike
Foot launchable hang glider
Paramotor
School glider SG-38
Paraglider
Motor glider as a light air sports device

According to § 42 LuftPersV , a distinction is made between licenses for aerodynamically controlled microlight aircraft , weight-controlled microlight aircraft , microlight helicopters, air sports equipment with an empty weight of less than 120 kg and parachutes . The aviation associations commissioned with the training and testing have implemented these legal regulations in the following air tickets:

education

Details of the training and testing were transferred to individual air sports associations by the regulation on the commissioning of air sports associations. These associations also carry out the necessary tests and issue the pilot's license for air sports equipment drivers:

According to § 17 LuftPersV, the minimum age for starting training is 14 years for non-motor-driven air sports equipment and 16 years for motor-driven air sports equipment. The minimum age for obtaining the license is 16 years for non-motor-driven air sports equipment and 17 years for motor-driven air sports equipment. Depending on the air sports equipment, an aviation medical certificate is also required for at least LAPL .

The training is divided into a theoretical and a practical part, each with a subsequent examination. The theoretical training includes:

  • Aviation law , including implementation of radiotelephony
  • Navigation or, for jump training: free fall
  • meteorology
  • Aerodynamics,
  • general aircraft knowledge, technology and pyrotechnic instruction
  • Conduct in special cases,
  • human capacity.

In the practical test, the trainee pilot has to prove that he has mastered the necessary procedures and maneuvers.

Exercise of rights

The SPL has been issued for an unlimited period since 2015; previously it was issued for a five-year period and extended upon request. It includes a permit to participate in German-language aeronautical radio , which is only valid in airspaces G and E. For radio communications in air spaces C and D, a radio radio certificate is also required.

A license limited to light air sports equipment (IL) with an empty weight of 120 kg or less has been issued for an unlimited period since the beginning of 2010. The sport pilot license for skydivers is also valid indefinitely.

As the highest possible license for air sports equipment, the SPL, as well as z. B. the glider license can be used commercially. This is remarkable because the actually higher value private pilot license expressly excludes commercial use - a professional pilot license is required for commercial activities .

Night flight , controlled visual flight (CVFR) and instrument flight with air sports equipment are not permitted in Germany.

Passenger authorization

In contrast to higher-class licenses such as the private pilot license, the passenger authorization is not automatically integrated with the acquisition of the license. It can only be applied for and acquired after the following conditions have been met. In addition, according to § 45a LuftPersV (Ordinance on Aviation Personnel ), the pilot is only entitled to carry passengers if he has carried out at least 3 take-offs and 3 landings with an aircraft of the same class, of the same or similar type within the last 90 days.

Three-axis UL, UL gyrocopter, UL helicopter and trikes

  • Proof of 5 cross-country flights of at least 200 km.
  • At least 2 cross-country flights with a stopover over a total distance of at least 200 kilometers accompanied by a flight instructor
  • Practical exam by flight instructor (the second 200 km overland flight can be used for this)

For ultralight helicopters, the distance for international flights is reduced to 150 km, for trikes to 100 km.

Foot start UL

  • Proof of at least 100 landings on 20 days with minimum systems
  • A practical entrance test at the flight school
  • A theoretical instruction by the flight school
  • An extensive practical test with an examiner who takes on the role of the passenger

A transfer of the passenger authorization from and to other types of air sports equipment is not possible.

Paramotor

  • License owned for at least one year
  • 100 take-offs and landings after obtaining the license
  • A practical entrance test at the flight school
  • 5 two-seater flights with a flight instructor with passenger flight authorization before the start of the training
  • A theoretical instruction by the flight school
  • Training with at least 20 training flights on two-seater paramotor wings under the supervision of a flight instructor, of which at least two are accompanied by a flight instructor.
  • A practical exam by an examiner

A transfer of the passenger authorization from and to other types of air sports equipment is not possible.

Paraglider and hang glider

  • Owned the A license for at least 24 months and came of age
  • 200 flights of fancy after the license was granted
  • A practical entrance test by an examiner
  • Theoretical training of four hours
  • A flight with a flight instructor at the beginning of the training
  • 40 flights with one passenger who has a paraglider pilot's license, under supervision or with a flight order from the flight instructor
  • The theoretical and practical exam by an examiner

The validity of the passenger authorization is three years and can be extended if an inspection flight was passed within the last year.

Additional authorizations

In addition to the passenger authorization, the following additional authorizations can be acquired for the pilot's license:

  • Cross-country flight authorization for hang gliders and paragliders (B license)
  • Aircraft towing authorization (without towing)
  • Teaching license

Pilot license and air sports equipment operator

Building on the pilot's license for three-axle aircraft, the National Private Pilot's License (PPL-N) for light aircraft with a take -off weight of up to 750 kg could be acquired in Germany until it was abolished in 2013, and this could be expanded to form a European JAR-FCL powered flight license. Since the introduction of the EASA pilot license in 2013, this is no longer possible. An independent license according to the EU regulation must be acquired. Flight lessons can only be partially recognized. Theoretical training and the sections of practical training including examinations must be completed in full.

For pilots with a private pilot license or a higher-quality license, it is not possible to use the corresponding category of aerial sports equipment, as the legal basis is different and simple, informal recognition is not provided. It is therefore necessary to acquire a pilot's license for air sports equipment drivers and to carry out training at a flight school. Due to the higher quality training, however, there is extensive recognition of flight experience for the same aircraft category. In some cases, the theoretical and practical examination by an examination board can be omitted, but is limited to topics specific to air sports equipment, approved by the training manager of the flight school or is completely eliminated.

International usability of the German license

The legal basis of microlight flying is subject to national regulations in Europe. These vary considerably between states. For example, the French microlight license is granted for life, has no minimum flight times and does not require periodic follow-up medical examinations. There are five classes there: multi-axis controlled ultralight aircraft, weight-controlled aircraft, paramotor, gyroplane and ultralight balloons and airships.

In some European countries there are guest flight regulations to enable cross-border traffic with microlight aircraft. These regulations are also very different between the states. The German regulation for the holders of European licenses does not apply to persons who are domiciled in the Federal Republic of Germany. The German SPL is now in many countries of Europe recognized. It also allows entry (sometimes a flight plan is to be submitted) into all neighboring countries in Germany and flying in almost all European countries (except Romania ), although the national rules or an entry permit to be obtained beforehand and the national airspaces of the respective state are observed have to.

Ultralight aircraft have only been approved in Switzerland since 2006. However, since July 1, 2005, there has been a list of microlight aircraft that are permitted to be operated in Switzerland by foreign pilots. However, the operation or flight of other types as well as gravity-controlled ultralight aircraft, motorized hang-gliders or paramotoring remains prohibited.

In France , Italy (each named ULM there), the United Kingdom, Sweden and Denmark - in contrast to Germany - there is no airfield requirement for microlight aircraft , which means that in individual cases, with the consent of the property owner, it may be landed on all suitable land.

In the Philippines, microlight flying is organized exclusively by the Angeles City Flying Club with the approval of the Civil Aviation Authority Philippines (CAAP). German licenses are recognized there. The CAAP itself does not issue licenses for microlight flying, which means that microlight flying without a license is theoretically permitted on other airfields.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b German Ultraleichtflugverband eV: International flying . Retrieved September 6, 2019 .
  2. ^ German Aero Club : UL training / licenses. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  3. ^ German Ultralight Flight Association : Home page. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  4. ↑ German Hang Glider Association : Training. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Ordinance on the commissioning of air sports associations (BeauftrV)
  6. ↑ § 4 LuftPersV
  7. ↑ § 42 LuftPersV
  8. ↑ Ordinance on Aviation Personnel, LuftPersV § 45 Paragraph 1
  9. ↑ a b Deutscher Ultraleichtflugverband eV: Entry of the passenger authorization. Accessed August 31, 2019 .
  10. ↑ § 45a LuftPersV
  11. ↑ German Ultralight Flight Association: Passenger authorization for foot launch UL. Retrieved September 6, 2019 .
  12. ↑ German Aero Club: Training / Licenses: Paramotor. Retrieved September 6, 2019 .
  13. ↑ German Hang Glider Association : Paraglider training for passenger authorization. Retrieved September 6, 2019 .
  14. ↑ German Aero Club: Training / Licenses: three-axle UL. Retrieved September 6, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Angeles City Flying Club homepage. Accessed August 31, 2019 .
  16. ^ Civil Aviation Authority Philippines: Part 11. In: Civil aviation regulations (CAR). June 23, 2008, accessed August 31, 2019 .