St. Nikolaus (Markdorf)

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Parish Church of St. Nicholas

The Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus is a church building in Markdorf in the district of Lake Constance in Baden-Wuerttemberg . The community is part of the Markdorf pastoral care unit in the Linzgau dean's office in the Archdiocese of Freiburg . The church was named Church of the Month for the diocese in September 2011.

History and architecture

View through the nave to the organ gallery
The left aisle

In the central nave, the stone foundations of a rectangular hall church from Carolingian times have been preserved. It was an own church of the Barons von Markdorf and was expanded to include the choir in the 11th century. There was probably a previous wooden church. The lower part of the 68 meter high tower dates from around 1200. It used to be part of the city fortifications and probably served as a defense tower . At the back, at a height of a few meters, there is an entrance that can be accessed via ladders. Today's tower was built on the lower part in 1966. After 1200 a church was built in the Romanesque style; it was about the size of today's central nave and had a choir leaning against the tower. Rudolf Plebanus is documented as the first people priest for 1200.

The current church was essentially built in the last third of the fourteenth century as a Gothic building with three naves. The choir was laid out over a polygonal floor plan. The builders were Konrad von Homburg, the city lord, and his wife Ursula von Markdorf. During this time, the collegiate monastery was founded with five canons. The custos also acted as pastor. The Reformation around 1525 could not prevail. At the Markdorf Synod in 1549, ecclesiastical and diocesan order was restored. The influential Weisshaupt family had a private chapel added to the church in 1610 and provided a rich interior. Today the former entrance forms the niche for the Sebastian altar. The building was badly damaged in a fire in 1842 that destroyed the entire upper town. When the tower burned, nine bells melted and the interior could no longer be used. Then the building was rebuilt in its current structural form. The formerly smaller Lichtgaden were increased. The three-aisled nave is designed in the style of a pillar basilica . The polygonal columns appear slim and stand on bases that are decorated with throat and bulge. They merge into the ogival arcades without capitals. The flat coffered ceilings in the central nave and the side aisles date from more recent times. The frescoes on the east wall in the south aisle date from around 1400. They show scenes from the Passion and Resurrection of Christ. In the east side aisle a fragment from the joyful representation has been preserved. The choir ends in the 5/8 end, its buttresses show a strong corner cuboid. The walls are divided by high three-part tracery windows. The rib vault is simply designed, it rests on consoles adorned with foliage and grimaces. The keystones at the top of the vault are adorned with a crescent Madonna and a head of Christ. The interior received the neo-Gothic painting in 1870. In 1955 the interior was given a sober version and in 1980 the current one.

The windows behind the high altar are stylistically finely tuned. They were designed by Horst Beck from Überlingen and made by the art glass works Nikolaus Diering from Überlingen and installed in 1967. The other stained glass windows were renewed in 1980, keeping the style of the previous one. Towards the choir, they increase in color and structure.

Tombs

The 1574 epitaph for Hernlin Humpis

The epitaphs on both sides of the main entrance are built into the walls; they commemorate important pastors and citizens of the city.

  • The bronze epitaph was cast for Johannes Brandlin in 1522, he was a councilor for canon law.
  • The monument to the dean and pastor Johannes Georg Spengler was made in 1736; it is located to the right of the ogival main entrance.
  • The memorial plaque for the custos and pastor Franz Johann Rebmann can be seen on the outside of the buttress on the right. Rebmann is depicted as an admirer of the Madonna of the Protective Coat.
  • The memorial plaque for Johann Claudius Merlet praises his services in war and peace. The plaque with the date of death in 1732 was placed on the outside of the right buttress.
  • The Prefect and Chamber Councilor Johann Nepomuk Puzorini died in 1761, his grave monument is on the inside of the right pillar.
  • The epitaph for Ursula Habitzel has been preserved in the southwest corner of the left aisle. She died in 1558 and was probably the mother of the Abbots of Weissenau Abbey and the Abbey Weingarten .

Protective mantle chapel

View into the protective jacket chapel
The protective mantle Madonna

The mayor and the council of Markdorf founded a fraternity in 1450 and built a fraternity church for the Madonna in protection until 1470 . The two Gothic altars were created by Hans Rueland from Wangen. The brotherhood flourished until the Thirty Years War , but lost all canons and chaplains except for one clergy during the plague epidemics in the 17th century. The brotherhood church was converted into a Capuchin monastery in 1658. In 1660, as a replacement for the brotherhood church, the citizenry built the protective mantle chapel, in which the protective mantle mother of God found her place, at the parish church. The miraculous image remained in the Capuchin Church until 1818. The stucco furnishings were made by the Schmuzer brothers in 1770. From 1974 to 1975 the chapel was extensively renovated and, as far as possible, returned to its original condition according to old documents.

The protective cloak Madonna, one of the most famous of its kind, was carved by Johann Rueland in 1474, she stands in the center of the chapel. Mary is represented in the type of a woman who protects and cherishes. Many people who are depicted relatively small seek protection under the wide-open cloak. The baby Jesus is sitting on Mary's right forearm. In her physical beauty she appears delicate and at the same time dignified. The hands are finely worked out, the mouth smiles on the beautiful face.

Furnishing

The high altar
  • The high altar was erected around 1870. The altar that dominates the church is a work by Karl Reihing from Tettnang. Nikolaus Geiger from Munich made the central group of figures depicting the birth of Jesus in 1871.
  • The Holy Gebhard is depicted as a bishop, originally the presentation was an accompanying figure of the Brotherhood altar, which was made for the Virgin of Mercy.
  • The iron tabernacle is set into the south wall of the choir, the twelve locks are from 1717. The ironwork is considered outstanding.
  • The figure of the church patron Nicholas, created around 1740, stands on the west wall. Next to it is a figure of Antonius Einsiedler from the 16th century.
  • The middle figure of the group of three on the north wall is a strikingly beautiful Madonna. The master of the Schweinhauser Madonna carved it around 1480. It is accompanied by the figures of Saints Catherine and Margaretha from the 16th century. The attributes of the saints have recently been replaced.
  • The figure of Sebastian on the Sebastian altar is expressively designed, it comes from the second half of the 17th century and is attributed to the Zürn workshop.
  • The reliquary tablets from the middle of the 18th century are framed in rocaille , they flank the side altars.
  • The silver candlesticks in the Baroque style were made by a goldsmith's workshop from Augsburg in the first third of the 18th century.
  • The font is in a niche. The lower part was created at the end of the 17th century, the lid is from the 18th century.
  • David Zürn probably created the statue of Mary out of sandstone, it stands above the southern portal. Pastor Johannes Borngartner donated it in 1802 for the Bildbach Church.
  • The Way of the Cross consists of fourteen stations. The pictures hanging on both walls of the aisles are copies. Baron Leis from the Netherlands painted the originals for the cathedral in Antwerp in the 19th century.
  • The celebration altar was carved from limestone by the sculptor Josef Henger.
  • Josef Henger also made the cheeks of the choir stalls, the ambones, the sideboard, the sediles, the door handles with integrated holy water bowls, the Easter candlestick and the figure of St. Nicholas that stands at the end of the church wall.
  • The crucifixion group above the choir arch was donated by the Don family in 1727. Mary and John stand as accompanying figures next to the cross.
  • In the niches of the protective mantle chapel there are two dolls of the Virgin Mary with human hair. These dolls were used as pilgrimage pictures, they were created in the Gothic period and were redesigned in Baroque style. The left of the two dolls depicts Mary as Queen of All Saints, it was made in the 13th century and used to stand in the All Saints Chapel on Gehrenberg. This is one of the oldest depictions of the Virgin Mary in the Lake Constance area.
  • The empire-style confessionals are embedded in the north and south walls. There is modern equipment behind the front.
  • The busts of Saints Joachim and Anna stand on the altar on rocailles. Like the figures of Casimir and Emmerich von Dominikus, they were created by Hermengild Herberger in the 18th century.
  • Larger-than-life figures of apostles with a sweeping gesture stand above the pillars and pointed arches in the central nave. Their size is not appropriate for the room. They come from the parish church in Altdorf near Weingarten, which was broken off during the secularization . Joachim Früholz from Weingarten carved the figures in the middle of the 18th century.

  • The Madonna doll with real hair is in the protective mantle chapel

  • The Pietà

  • Wall tabernacle

  • Panel painting depicting Aloysius

organ

View of the organ

The organ was installed in 1997 by the Karl Göckel company . The slider chest instrument has 46 stops on three manuals and a pedal . The playing and register actions are mechanical.

I Grand Orgue C – a 3
Bourdon 16 ′
Montre 8th'
Flûte harmonique 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Viol 8th'
Prestant 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Duplicate 2 ′
Grand Cornet V 8th'
Fittings IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpets 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
Tremblant
II Positif expressif C – a 3
Cor de nuit 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Unda maris 8th'
Prestant 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Quart de Nasard 2 ′
Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Cymbals III 1'
Cromome 8th'
Tremblant
III Récit expressif C – a 3
diapason 8th'
Flûte traversiére 8th'
Viole de gambe 8th'
Voix célèste 8th'
Aeoline 8th'
Flûte octaviante 4 ′
Nasard 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Octavine 2 ′
Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Plein jeu V 2 ′
Basson 16 ′
Trompette harmonique 8th'
Hautbois 8th'
Voix humaine 8th'
Clarion harmonique 4 ′
Tremblant
Pedals C – g 1
Contrebasse (C – F wood, from Fis in the brochure) 16 ′
Soubasse 16 ′
Bourdon 16 ′
Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Flute 8th'
Flute 4 ′
Bombard 16 ′
Trumpets 8th'
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I (also as sub-octave coupling), III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

Bells

The Rosenlächer bell foundry delivered new bells in 1842. These had to be delivered in 1942 during the Second World War for purposes important to the war effort. Before that, they were smashed on the tower. An industrialist donated six new bells in 1949. Seven new bells were purchased in 1966. The Schilling bell foundry from Heidelberg created a bell that sets the tone of the Te Deum . It is tuned to the pitch of the bells of the Protestant church in the neighborhood. The bells have the strikes c sharp 1 , e 1 , f sharp 1 , g sharp 1 , b 1 , c sharp 2 and d flat 2 .

literature

  • Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell art guide. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1991.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d se-markdorf.de: Parish St. Nikolaus Markdorf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 17, 2017.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.se-markdorf.de  
  2. ↑ erzbistum-freiburg.de: Deanery Linzgau
  3. ↑ a b c d e f erzbistum-freiburg.de: The Church of St. Nicholas in Markdorf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 17, 2017.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / erzbistum-freiburg.de  
  4. ↑ Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1991, p. 2.
  5. ↑ Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1991, pp. 11-12.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. Nr. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1991, p. 14.
  7. ↑ Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner Verlag, Munich 1991, pp. 12-13.
  8. ↑ Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1991, p. 12.
  9. ↑ a b schwaebische.de: Schutzmantelkapelle is a gem on the edge of the route
  10. ↑ Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1991, p. 16.
  11. ↑ St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1991, pp. 15-16.
  12. ↑ Hubert Freyas: St. Nikolaus Markdorf / Linzgau (= Schnell Kunstführer. No. 1080). 2nd revised edition. Schnell & Steiner Verlag, Munich 1991, pp. 14-15.
  13. ↑ Information on the organ , accessed on September 17, 2017.
  14. ↑ ebfr-glocken.de: Catholic parish church St. Nikolaus in Markdorf , accessed on September 17, 2017.
  15. ↑ Sound test of the peal
  16. ↑ Markdorf St. Nikolaus Plenum from Quintade8, April 10, 2017

Web links

Commons : Parish Church St. Nikolaus (Markdorf)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 43 ′ 14.4 "  N , 9 ° 23 ′ 29"  E