Stadioner Hof
The Stadioner Hof is a noble palace in Mainz . It was originally built as the Mainz residence for the von Rollingen noble family , a Luxembourg dynasty , and was therefore also called the Rollingscher Hof. The gentleman architect and secret Kurmainzische Hofrat Anselm Franz von Ritter zu Groenesteyn was responsible for the design. The client was Privy Councilor Lothar Friedrich von Rollingen, Lord von Dalenbroich and Koerich , Hereditary Marshal of the Duchy of Luxembourg and the County of Chiny . At that time , Lothar Friedrich von Rollingen was granted real freedom , i.e. freedom from all municipal burdens in the form of appraisal , billeting and service. Construction began in 1728 and the building was completed in 1733. Anton Heinrich Friedrich von Stadion bought the building at auction in 1737. After the change of ownership, it was renamed Stadioner Hof.
architecture
Due to the study trips to Groenesteyns in France and his training there, Groenesteyn in Mainz shaped the French classicist style and adapted the idea of the French Hôtel particulier . From the middle of the 18th century at the latest, this replaced the Italian-Austrian and Main Franconian-Middle Rhine baroque style that had prevailed in Mainz.
The building was built in the first city quarter, which was created according to baroque principles, the Bleichenviertel . With the three new streets Große Bleiche , Mittlere Bleiche and Hintere Bleiche , this quarter was created on a chessboard-like floor plan and was provided with broad streets, of which the Große Bleiche became the boulevard.
The Corps de Logis , which still exists today, has a simple and reserved design, typical of the style of French classicism. In the triangular gable of the central elevation is the alliance coat of arms Stadium - Sickingen , above this the crown of a count with its 9 prongs. The balcony of the central risalit is supported by 6 richly decorated consoles. The two outer consoles are draped with lion skins , on the inner consoles, to the right and left of the keystone of the entrance door, the intertwined initials "vR" (von Rollingen) and "vt" (von Thüngen for his wife) were originally to be seen twice . The three keystones of the door and window below the balcony, decorated with female masks, also serve as miniature consoles for the balcony. The curved wrought iron grille of the balcony was originally also provided with a coat of arms of the stadium. The decoration of the keystones of the three windows and doors leading to the balcony with a circular arc are formed by women's heads decorated with flowers and acanthus tendrils. The stairwell and halls were provided with rich stucco decorations that are reminiscent of the work of the Deutschhaus , which was built in the same period .
The originally existing two side wings of the palace, as well as the court of honor , are no longer preserved today. The representative baroque staircase inside the building was removed in 1927.
The building is to be seen in the context of the group of other baroque aristocratic palaces such as the Schönborner Hof , the Bassenheimer Hof and the Osteiner Hof around Schillerplatz .
history
The Stadion-Thannhausen family owned the building until 1787. After the end of the electoral state , the French government commissioner for the four departments on the left bank of the Rhine, François Joseph Rudler, moved from Bonn to Mainz on January 11, 1798 and requisitioned the Stadioner Hof. He divided the conquered areas into departments and cantons and set up a completely new administration based on the adoption of French law. The central administration of the four departments under Rudler and his successors, headed from here, ended in 1802. As the main town of the Département du Mont-Tonnerre , Mayence had a civil, breeding police and an embarrassing court, which the Stadioner Hof served as a court from 1802 to 1814 French Palace of Justice served.
Then between 1816 and 1890 the respective vice-military governors of the Mainz fortress moved in , the building served as the commandant's office . It later returned to private ownership. The courtyard was severely damaged during the air raids on Mainz in World War II, and from 1949 the French occupying forces had it rebuilt while maintaining the baroque facade. Except for the historical facades, which had to be secured with considerable effort, large historical parts could not be saved and had to be completely rebuilt. The building has housed a branch of Dresdner Bank since 1923 and Commerzbank since 2011 . The restoration of the facades with their original colors took place at the beginning of the 1990s.
literature
- Rolf Dörrlamm, Susanne Feick, Hartmut Fischer, Hans Kersting: Mainz contemporary witnesses made of stone. Architectural styles tell 1000 years of history. Verlag Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 2001, ISBN 3-87439-525-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Annales of the Institut archéologique du Luxemburg
- ^ Ernst Neeb : Directory of the art monuments of the city of Mainz, Mainz, H. Prickarts, 1905, p. 23.
- ↑ The Stadioner Hof in Mainz Photos beautiful old coat of arms No. 298 by Bernhard Peter
- ^ Wolfgang Balzer: Mainz: Personalities of the city history. Volume 3, p. 180, chapter: Anselm Franz von Ritter zu Groenesteyn.
- ↑ Marlene Hübel: Above it all, the cathedral ... Literary city views of Mainz , in Franz Dumont, Ferdinand Scherf, Friedrich Schütz (eds.): Mainz - The history of the city . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1998 (first edition).
- ^ Alfred Börckel : Mainz as a fortress and garrison from Roman times to the present . Published by J. Diemer, Mainz 1913 (p. 190).
- ↑ The development of the Mainz Bleichen on festung-mainz.de
- ↑ schloesserrundschau.de
Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 3.4 " N , 8 ° 15 ′ 53.3" E