Ferrocarril de Sóller
| Palma FS-Sóller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Sóller Estació – Port de Sóller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Coat of arms of the FS
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| Route length: | 27 + 5 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gauge : | 914 mm ( English 3-foot track ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Power system : | 1200/600 V = | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Ferrocarril de Sóller SA (FS) is the operator of opened on April 14, 1912 railway line Palma - Sóller and the Tramway Sóller Port de Sóller on Mallorca .
The FS was founded on November 5, 1905 as a private railway and it was granted a concession until 2011. This concession was extended in 2005 for 50 years until 2055. In 2002 the equity amounted to five million euros and FS had 100 employees.
Tren de Sóller
History and technology
The railway was built in the three English- foot gauge, which was common on Mallorca at the time , which corresponds to 914 mm. In Palma there was a track connection to the network of the Ferrocarriles de Mallorca, until their lines were converted to meter gauge by the FEVE in the 1970s . For electrification came in 1927, after many passengers themselves had complained about the smoke nuisance in the tunnels. The company Siemens-Schuckert carried out the electrification. The long-distance route is operated with 1200 volts DC voltage, twice the value of the tram route to the port. The assembly of the wood-paneled railcars took place directly on the island, the existing cars were adapted and continued to be used. The railcars with road numbers 1 to 4 are still in use today with new electrical equipment and are called "Red Lightning" in German-speaking tourist circles. However, the locals do not use this term. The steam locomotives were sold to the Ferrocarriles de Mallorca.
In the early days, the railway was mainly used to transport agricultural goods from Sóller, especially oranges . Before that, Sóller could only be reached on cart paths over the 496 meter high Coll de Sóller or by sea.
Routing
The long-distance railway line from Palma to Sóller is around 27 kilometers long , 13 tunnels and the 52 meter long viaduct Cinc Ponts , also Viaducte de Monreals , had to be built to cross the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range . The route begins in Palma at Plaça d'Espanya in its own train station next to the carrer d'Eusebi Estada. The adjacent train station on Plaça Espanya, whose railway systems were moved into a tunnel in 2007, belongs to the Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca (SFM), which operates the routes to Manacor and sa Pobla .
From the train station, the route initially heads northeast and then north through the suburbs of Palma. The first three kilometers to the ring road run on the median of the Carrer d'Eusebi Estada and Carrer de la Concòrdia streets. After the motorway ring, the route crosses an industrial park. Then, already in agricultural land, it reaches the Son Sardina train station, which is mainly used for train crossings. There is also an option to change trains on the M1 line of the Metro de Palma . The route swings again in a north-easterly direction and slowly rises in largely flat terrain. At the edge of the Es Pla level, after the crossing structure, the metro line to the university is followed by the Son Reus crossing station at around 80 meters above sea level. In the following Sa Coma / SAnta María train station, the line reaches a height of 120 meters. Here is a support point for the superstructure maintenance with a track triangle on which vehicles can be turned. The foothills of the Serra de Tramuntana begin behind this station , the route leads through the valley of the Torrent de Bunyola to Bunyola with another crossing station at about 200 meters. From Bunyola, the valley gets narrower and narrower to the Túnel Major , a vertex tunnel . On the approximately three kilometers from Bunyola to the south portal of the summit tunnel, the route overcomes a further 30 and thus a total of around 230 meters in altitude in an alpine-looking terrain. The difference in altitude of 180 meters on the northern ramp from the exit of the summit tunnel to Sóller is extended in a wide bend and the Cinccent spiral tunnel . The highest point of the route is in the 2876-meter-long vertex tunnel, the only operating point on the north ramp is the crossing station with the Mirador del Pujol d'en Banya viewpoint above Sóller.
In the mid-1990s, only the Son Sardina, Bunyola and Mirador del Pujol d'en Banya stations existed. The latter was only served by the train from Palma 10.40, which is marketed as tren turistico with about three times the fare. In addition to the five daily train pairs, there were a relatively large number of special trains ordered by tour operators.
The fare for the return trip over the entire route is 25.00 euros (as of March 2019).
Tramvia de Sóller
history
At the same time as the construction of the railway from Palma to Sóller, construction of the five-kilometer-long tram connection from Sóller to Port de Sóller began. The tram route was electrified from the start with 600 volts DC (via overhead line). It owes its existence to a law on the construction of small railways in Spain. This said that a railway line only received subsidies if it was longer than 30 kilometers. Since the length of the route from Palma to Sóller was only 27 kilometers, it was decided to officially build the tram as an extension of the actual route in order to bring the total distance to over 30 kilometers. For this reason, the tram line was given the same superstructure and wheelset dimensions as the long-distance line, which meant that cars could run to the port of Sóller.
Routing
The Tramvia de Sóller runs from the station forecourt of Sóller through the city center and on through lemon groves to the pier of Port de Sóller. The line is single-track with the Mercat crossing points at the Sóller market hall, Can Guida, Roca Roja and Es Control. The light superstructure, the alignment and the inclination (the difference in altitude is about 60 meters) only allow speeds of up to about 30 km / h, in the streets of Sóller and around the Bay of Sóller the speed is significantly lower. The stops are not specially marked, apart from the platform edges they have no special infrastructure.
vehicles
All railcars and sidecars are bidirectional vehicles - but with doors only on one side (the right side in the direction of the port). There are two types of railcars: the railcars with the low road numbers 1 to 3 from the opening and the cars with the high road numbers 20 to 24 that were taken over from the Lisbon tram around the year 2000 and adapted to local conditions View through a rather angular exterior with a lantern roof, the latter through a rounded exterior with a barrel roof. In the meantime (as of 2016), railcars 21 to 23 have been adapted to the appearance of the original railcars 1 to 3. The wagons that were taken over from the Bilbao tram after it was closed in 1964 (the railcar had road number 4 in Sóller, the sidecar number 7) were returned there around 2000.
Originally, Lyra pantographs were used for driving, but as part of the modernization in the 1990s, all railcars were fitted with pantographs . The vehicles were also retrofitted with a low voltage system, which z. B. for the signal influencing system (requesting green phases for the tram) is necessary. Outwardly recognizable consequences are the halogen headlights built into the old lamp housings. All vehicles have a compressed air brake, the railcars also have an electrical resistance brake . The compressed air was originally generated with gasoline-powered compressors, now purely electric. The compressed air brake is mainly required for braking to a standstill when the resistance brake is less effective. The compressed air is also required for the whistling device.
When adapting to the conditions in Sóller, the ex-Lisbon railcars were equipped with a multiple control system, so that a train formation railcar-sidecar-sidecar-railcar is possible. This gives you a higher transport capacity in the summer months and there is no need to move the railcars at the terminal stops. There are three types of sidecar: two-axle vehicles from the time of track construction, summer cars taken over from the Palma tram and much newer four-axle vehicles built in our own workshop on the floor frames of FS railroad cars. The two sidecars 5 and 6 originate from the original equipment from 1913, the car body shape corresponds to the multiple units 1 to 3. Since the summer cars from Palma were commissioned, the closed sidecars have only been used in unfavorable weather, especially in rain or cold.
The fare for a single trip over the entire route is 7.00 euros (September 2017).
In May 2005 the government of the Balearic Islands agreed to extend the concession for the railway company until 2060. The Sóller train will operate as a tram within Palma. Ferrocarril de Sóller is investing 14 million euros in this company.
On May 12, 2009, around 1.55 p.m., two trams, one coming from the port and one from Sóller, collided head-on on the single-track route near the point known as Cruce del Monumento , near the port. Because of the reduced speed at which the two trains ran, only three people were slightly injured.
Picture gallery
Railcar No. 1 of the great railway at the entrance to Bunyola
Bf Sóller, long-distance railcar 3 in unmodernized condition
FS train station in Palma (Plaça d'Espanya)
Tram train in Port de Sóller
Maintenance vehicle
Remise in Sóller
Both cars from Bilbao on one of the rare missions together
Converted ex-Lisbon railcar 22 of the Sóller tram
Covered switch with side rails in Sóller
literature
- Klaus-Jürgen Vetter, Sarah Wolff: Discover Mallorca by train . Bruckmann Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-7654-7180-1 .
- Klaus-Jürgen Vetter, Wolfgang Heitzmann, Sarah Wolff: Railway paradise Mallorca . GeraMond, 2004, ISBN 3-7654-7254-9 .
- J. Pere Brunet Estarelles: La Companyia dels Ferrocarrils de Mallorca . Institut D'Estudis Baleárics, 1994, ISBN 84-87026-34-6 (Catalan).
Web links
- Ferrocarril de Sóller at OpenRailwayMap
- Ferrocarril de Sóller. Accessed November 4, 2017 (German, English, Spanish).
- Tren de Soller. In: AlpenTunnel.de . Retrieved November 4, 2017 (images and video).
- Railway in Mallorca. Retrieved on November 4, 2017 (pictures, information).
- Tren de Sóller. Retrieved November 2, 2011 (Spanish).
- Tren de Sóller: un viaje único. Retrieved November 2, 2011 (Spanish, short film).
- The red lightning in Mallorca. Retrieved November 4, 2017 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tren de Sóller: Who we are. Tren de Sóller, accessed October 2, 2019 .
- ↑ The Red Lightning from Mallorca . Spiegel Online , October 2, 2004; Retrieved November 2, 2011
- ↑ El tranvía de Sóller sufre un aparatoso accidente con tres heridos leves al chocar dos convoys , in: Diario del Mallorca of May 12, 2009, accessed on March 18, 2020.