Suicidology
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This article is about suicide. For those at risk, there is a wide network of offers of help in which ways out are shown. In acute emergencies, the telephone counseling and the European emergency number 112 can be reached continuously and free of charge. After an initial crisis intervention , qualified referrals can be made to suitable counseling centers on request. |
The suicidology (from suicide and Greek lógos "word, speech, teaching") is a relatively new science that deals with the study of suicide and particularly with the suicide prevention busy. It is a sub-area of psychiatry , psychology , sociology and cultural studies and today includes epidemiological , neurobiochemical , clinical-psychiatric , sociological, cultural-scientific and possibly forensic approaches.
History of Medical Suicide Research
For centuries, the subject of suicide was reserved for philosophers, theologians and lawyers. It was not until the Age of Enlightenment that suicide became the subject of medical research. The first to interpret suicide as a mental disorder was the French doctor Jean-Étienne Esquirol in 1838 . In 1897, Émile Durkheim published the first systematic sociological study of suicide.
At the beginning of the 20th century, representatives of psychoanalysis such as Sigmund Freud and Karl Abraham began a psychological or psychodynamic consideration of suicide for the first time.
Independent suicide research only emerged in the second half of the 20th century. In 1948 Erwin Ringel founded the world's first center for suicide prevention in Vienna, initiated the founding of the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) in 1960 and became its first chairman. In 1968 Edwin S. Shneidman founded the American Association of Suicidology (AAS) in the USA . Four years later, the German Society for Suicide Prevention (DGS) is founded. Gernot Sonneck continues suicide research in Austria and, together with his colleagues, founded the Wiener Werkstätte for Suicide Research in 2007 . A major achievement in modern history is the opening of the medical research area to other relevant research fields. This opening takes into account a modern public health approach that deals with individual and societal factors influencing health.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Behrens KB: Aspects of the Hamburg suicide incident - A forensic-epidemiological analysis with special consideration of the suicides of the elderly, the suicides by jumping from the Köhlbrandbrücke as well as the legacy of farewell letters. , Dissertation University of Hamburg (2009) http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/opus/volltexte/2009/4387/pdf/Dissertation_K.B._Behrens.pdf
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated September 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.iasp.info
- ↑ http://www.suizidforschung.at
literature
- Émile Durkheim : Le suicide. 1897 (German: The suicide . Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M. 2006, ISBN 3-518-28031-7 )
- Jean-Étienne Esquirol : Des maladies mentales. 2 volumes. Méline-Cans, Paris 1838 (German. On mental illnesses. Huber, Bern 1968).
- Werner Felber , Christian Reimer: Clinical Suizidology. Practice and research. Springer, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-540-53967-0 .
- Franz-Josef Hücker: Political Suicidology. Myths, Facts and Prevention. In: Sozial Extra 6 2017, 41st year (VS Verlag, Springer Fachmedien DE, Wiesbaden), pp. 53–58.
- Heike Knebel, Nathalie Klüver: Reflections: Suicide Prevention in Children and Adolescents. Kilian Andersen, Lübeck 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813623-0-5 .
- Erwin Ringel : The suicide. Completion of a pathological development. An investigation into 745 rescued suicides. W. Maudrich, Vienna 1953.
- Manfred Wolfersdorf: Suicide as a modern science. In: Suicide prevention. Vol. 2 (1994), pp. 47-53 ( PDF ).