Teeth-supporting apparatus
The tooth holding apparatus ( periodontium ; from ancient Greek παρά para , German 'besides' and ὀδούς , Gen. ὀδόντος odontos , German 'tooth' ) is the functional anchoring system of the tooth , which is also referred to as attachment .
The periodontics is a field of dentistry and deals with the periodontal apparatus, its diseases and their treatments. This includes research into anatomy , physiology , pathophysiology , pathogenesis, and etiology .
construction
The tooth support system consists of:
- Gums ( gingiva propria )
- Dental cement ( Cementum )
- Tooth socket ( alveolus )
- Periodontal ligament ( periodontal ligament , or periodontal )
The fibroblasts of the periodontium form collagen fibers ( Sharpey fibers ). These connective tissue fibers (28,000 fibers per square millimeter) of the tooth holding apparatus connect the cement of the tooth with the tooth socket. This connection between the tooth and the jawbone is tight but flexible. The tooth is suspended "springy" in its tooth socket. When pressure is applied to the tooth (for example when chewing), the fibers are completely stretched and prevent the tooth root from being pushed too hard into the bone. They also transfer the force to the bone as tensile force , which converts the pressure on the tooth into tension on the bone. Train is the best of load on the bones and appeals to him to build or to strengthen, while pressure on the bone to bone loss and wasting leads (for example, bone loss after tooth loss). Elastic fibers ensure that when the pressure is released, the tooth is moved slightly out of its end position, the tightened collagen fibers relax and the blood circulation in the tooth socket can take place again.
Gingival sulcus
The sulcus gingivae ( Latin sulcus 'furrow' , Latin gingiva 'gum' ) is a recess running circularly around the tooth between the tooth neck and the gum. The base of the sulcus is formed by the supraalveolar fiber apparatus (formerly: Circular ligament ), which strengthens the not particularly strong bond between the tooth surface and the epithelial attachment.
Sulcular epithelium
The sulcular epithelium is a multi-layered, flaky, non- or parakeratinized epithelium that merges into the oral gingival epithelium and lines the wall of the sulcus. It reduces the risk of epithelial ulceration because it withstands mechanical forces and has a low permeability for fluid and cells because the intercellular spaces are tightly closed. At its tip it merges into the marginal epithelium.
Fringing epithelium
The marginal epithelium surrounds the tooth like a collar and consists of non-keratinizing epithelium. The junctional epithelium has two basal laminae, wherein the one basal lamina to the tooth rests (internal basal lamina) and the other to the connective tissue adjacent (external basal lamina). The border epithelium is more permeable than the oral gingival and sulcus epithelium. It can be more easily penetrated by bacterial products from the sulcus into the connective tissue and enables the passage of fluids and cells from the connective tissue into the sulcus.
Periodontal disease
An inflammatory disease of the periodontal system is called periodontitis, the current classification of periodontal diseases was created in 1999 at a workshop under the direction of the American Academy of Periodontology . An outdated but colloquially used term is "parodontosis". The disease is documented in a periodontal status.
literature
- Franz-Viktor Salomon: teeth . In: Franz-Viktor Salomon among other things (Hrsg.): Anatomie für die Tiermedizin . Enke, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-1007-7 , pp. 251-264 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Gemoll : Greek-German school and hand dictionary .
- ^ W. Ott: Anatomy and Histology of the Parodontium . Clinic and practice guide dentistry. 1st edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-13-131781-7 , p. 209 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Wolfgang Gühring, Joachim Barth: Anatomie. Special biology of the masticatory system . 3. Edition. Neuer Merkur, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-921280-84-2 .
- ↑ sulcular epithelium , School of Dental Medicine - University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- ^ Junctional epithelium , School of Dental Medicine - University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved June 20, 2015.