Synagogue (Steinbach)

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synagogue

The synagogue in Steinbach (Schwäbisch Hall) existed until the Reichspogromnacht .

history

There was a Jewish community in Steinbach by the beginning of the 17th century at the latest. Around 1843 this reached its highest number of members with 135 people, afterwards the number of parish members decreased rapidly, mainly due to emigration to Schwäbisch Hall . In 1906 there were six inhabitants of the Jewish faith, in 1924 only two. In 1941 Mathilde Adler was the last Israelite to be deported from the town.

The community initially used a prayer room in Mayer Seligmann's house, which already existed in 1702. However, this synagogue had to be closed by order of the Comburg monastery , to which Steinbach belonged at that time. Several such bans on holding Jewish ceremonies in Steinbach have been handed down from the first years of the 18th century, which is why the Steinbach Jews occasionally attended the service in Unterlimpurg . From 1737 there was a complaint about the arduous journey to Unterlimpurg in bad weather conditions. Thereupon the monastery again allowed Jewish services in Steinbach. In 1771, the Jewish communities in Steinbach and Unterlimpurg signed a contract according to which the place of worship should change annually between these two places; In the 1780s, however, this procedure was abandoned and the Steinbach congregation met again exclusively in their own prayer room, which was held in the attic of the house at Neustetter Strasse 29. This building belonged to Herzle and Mayer Abraham. Herzle Abraham expanded the women's wing in 1767; however, the spatial conditions were very unfavorable. The staff officer testified in 1807 that the Jews were especially “as if grafted” on the Sabbath. Aron Herzle, who owned the house at the time, also needed the two rooms for residential purposes.

Therefore in 1806 permission to build a synagogue was applied for. King Frederick I granted this request on January 6, 1807, and on May 22, 1808, the community received permission by ministerial decree to hold a collection from the other Jewish communities in Württemberg . Construction costs of around 2,400 guilders were expected.

The Steinbach synagogue was built near the gate tower to Unterlimpurg and completed in 1809; In the same year, the Jewish cemetery on Steinbacher Strasse was established after the community's dead had been buried in Schopfloch until 1747 and then in Braunsbach as well .

The synagogue was later used by the Swabian Hall Jews.

It was a simple solid construction with house windows. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the adjoining rooms and the gable lobelisks, the facade appeared basilical .

In the early morning of November 10, 1938, the National Socialists first tried to set the building on fire with lighted paper. But this failed because the building was very damp. A few hours later, another group of men used gasoline to set fire to the synagogue. The house burned down to the outside walls. In 1939 the property became the property of the city, which sold it in 1940. The remains of the wall of the destroyed synagogue were used in the construction of the three-family house at Neustetter Straße 34, which was built on the property after the sale. Under the balcony of the house there is an extension in which the mikveh was set up in 1809 . This was rebuilt in 1821/22, as only cold water was available up to that point. The cemetery was desecrated during the Nazi era; not all tombstones could be put back up.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ quoted from: Joachim Hahn, Jürgen Krüger: Synagogen in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities. 2007, p. 427.
  2. ^ A b Joachim Hahn, Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities. 2007, pp. 426-429.
  3. ↑ Eugen Gradmann : Synagogue at the gate to Hall ... In: The art and antiquity monuments of the city and the Oberamt Schwäbisch-Hall . Paul Neff Verlag, Esslingen a. N. 1907, OCLC 31518382 , pp. 109 ( archive.org ).

Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 10.1 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 56.5 ″  E