Synagogues in Schwäbisch Hall

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Various buildings served as synagogues in Schwäbisch Hall , as there was not always a Jewish community in the city.

Jewish communities in Schwäbisch Hall

A Jewish community in Schwäbisch Hall was first mentioned in an imperial tax list from 1241/42. At that time, the Jews of Hall had to pay the king 8 silver marks. This medieval Jewish community was destroyed by the persecution of the Jews at the time of the Black Death in the time of the plague in 1349. In the late 14th and 15th centuries, individual Jews were again living in the city; later her stay was only permitted for hours or days.

In the 19th century Jews were able to settle in Schwäbisch Hall again; their community existed until 1939. It had a prayer room, a Jewish school and a ritual bath . Religious tasks in the community were taken care of by a teacher who was both prayer leader and shochet . The community belonged to the district rabbinate in Braunsbach until 1914 , after which it was moved to Schwäbisch Hall. The Jewish cemetery in Steinbach was used for the dead of the Schwäbisch Hall community .

Around 1880 the number of Jewish residents of the city reached its highest level with 263 people; at that time Schwäbisch Hall had a total of 9,222 inhabitants. In 1933 115 of the 11,239 inhabitants at that time were Jews. In the following years many left of them among the reprisals of the Nazis , the city, others were in the years 1941 and 1942 deported .

After the Second World War , three camps for displaced persons were set up in Schwäbisch Hall . A total of around 1,300 Jewish people were housed there, but most of them did not stay in Schwäbisch Hall, most of them emigrated to Israel . The camps existed until the beginning of 1949.

After 1990 Jewish people moved in again. They came mainly from the CIS countries . Your Schwäbisch Hall community is a branch community of the Israelite Religious Community in Württemberg (IRGW).

Buildings of the Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, the Jews of Schwäbisch Hall lived on and on the southernmost section of the “Blockgassekochers” that was filled in. The area was limited to the south by the city wall built around 1200 towards the Kocher . To the east it extended to the road to Unterwöhrdstor, west to Haalplatz and north to Haalstrasse. In this area there was also the " Judenschule " mentioned in 1356 , which was used as a synagogue . Later, the slaughterhouse was built on this site , in the basement of which remains of walls from medieval times have been preserved.

According to a document from 1356, the synagogue was set back from Haalstrasse by the city wall. According to a document from 1457, the courtyard was directed towards the Sulfertor. In another document from 1445, it was mentioned that the “Judenhaus” was not allowed to block the light. According to a document from 1457, the property of the Jewish school was sold at that time.

Modern buildings

When a Jewish community formed again in Schwäbisch Hall in the 19th century, the faithful first attended the services in Steinbach. In order to set up a prayer room, the congregation bought premises in the house at Obere Herrngasse 8 at the end of 1892. It was used for ordinary church services; Festive days were still celebrated in Steinbach. The house at Oberen Herrngasse 8 also contained a classroom and a small apartment for the prayer leader. The prayer room was demolished during the November pogrom in 1938. Local party officials destroyed the interior and burned cult objects and inventory on the market square. The building itself has been preserved and has had a notice board since 1985. In the market square, a Star of David with an explanatory text reminds of the events of 1938.

Today's Jewish community in Schwäbisch Hall uses the premises in the old slaughterhouse for their services.

literature

  • Schwäbisch Hall (SHA) ... prayer room / synagogue. In: Joachim Hahn , Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities (= memorial book of the synagogues in Germany. Vol. 4). Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , p. 424 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ houses lexicon Schwäbisch Hall
  2. ↑ Description of the findings at www.bauforschung-bw.de
  3. ↑ Purim in the branches . In: Israelitische Gemeindezeitung IRGW January / February 2013, p. 8.

Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 41.9 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 14.9 ″  E