Celle synagogue

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Celle synagogue
Inside of the synagogue with Torah shrine with Ner Tamid and Bima

The Celle synagogue is the oldest surviving half-timbered synagogue in Lower Saxony . It is located near the old town of Celle .

history

After Jews in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg received permission to build synagogues in 1737, the Jewish community in Celle acquired two pieces of land in 1738, on which they built today's half-timbered synagogue around 1740. In 1883 an extensive renovation took place, in which lead glazing was added. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the interior was destroyed and cult objects were thrown on the street and burned. The synagogue was not set on fire, however, because it was feared that the flames would spread to the neighboring houses and the nearby old town with the half-timbered houses standing close together. After that, the synagogue served as a storage room. From 1942, the remaining Jewish community members were housed in the front buildings until they were deported . In 1945 the synagogue was prepared for services again.

The city of Celle acquired the buildings in November 1969 from the regional association of Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and carried out extensive repairs and restoration, including the two front buildings, from 1972 to 1974 under the direction of the municipal building construction office. The synagogue was inaugurated on June 20, 1974 by the Heidelberg rabbi Nathan Peter Levinson . Since 1996, exhibition rooms have been set up in the front buildings, in which changing exhibitions and documentation of Jewish life in Celle are shown. Since 1997, the synagogue has been used by the re-established Jewish community of Celle for services and meetings. The Celle Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation organizes numerous public events in the synagogue .

In 2004, in the sidewalks in front of the buildings in the circuits 23 and 24 a number of stumbling blocks laid, including two for the last in Oldau as forced laborers Russian working POWs , Jacob and David Gerschez Klatschko.

description

Front building (in district 24): Jewish school building

The synagogue was built around 1740 in the half-timbered construction typical of Celle . It is an ensemble of three half-timbered houses, which consists of the three -story Jewish schoolhouse (Im Kreise 24) with a two-story residential building (Im Kreis 23) and the concealed synagogue behind these two buildings . The two half-timbered houses are possibly a bit older, which is not clear from the architectural point of view. The synagogue has only been visible to the public from the street since the building was demolished from the side of Wehlstrasse. The fact that a synagogue cannot be viewed was typical in the 18th and 19th centuries and goes back to the negative attitude of the Christian population towards the Jewish cult and the establishment of a synagogue. The synagogue at the rear is still accessed indirectly via the hallway of the front schoolhouse, the staircase of which also leads up to the women's gallery.

The synagogue is a simply constructed, unplastered half-timbered building with a gable roof . The interior is a relatively small hall with an area of ​​almost 80 m² with a flat stucco ceiling at the top. In order to enable a column-free space, an elaborate hanging structure was required in the roof construction . What the internal appearance originally looked like in the 18th century is unknown. The women's gallery was expanded in 1754/55 and 1884. The baroque interior with the Bima , which was destroyed in 1938, was reconstructed in the 1970s based on building findings, old illustrations and oral reports. The upper part of the Torah shrine in the east wall has been preserved in its original form.

  • View of the women's gallery with part of the permanent exhibition

  • Cultural event in the synagogue

  • Half-timbered houses in the districts 21–25; the synagogue is behind the third and fourth buildings from the left

  • East facade with partially reconstructed oriel of the Torah shrine

  • Stolpersteine ​​laid in front of the synagogue for two Soviet prisoners of war

See also

literature

  • John Busch, Jügen Ricklefs (editor): On the history of the Jews in Celle. Festschrift for the restoration of the synagogue. Ed. City of Celle. Celle 1974.
  • Sabine Glatter, Andrea Jensen, Katrin Keßler, Ulrich Knufinke: The buildings and facilities of the Jewish community in Celle. Synagogue, mikveh, cemetery (= small writings on the history of the city of Celle. Volume 2). Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld / Celle 1997, ISBN 3-89534-219-X , pp. 15–65.
  • Gernot Fischer: Celler architectural monuments (= Celler contributions to regional and cultural history. Volume 28). Edited by the city of Celle. Stadt Celle, Celle 2000, ISBN 3-925902-40-6 , pp. 114–115 ( synagogue ).
  • Jews in Celle. Biographical sketches from three centuries (= Celler contributions to regional and cultural history. Volume 26). Edited by the city of Celle. City of Celle, Celle 1996, ISBN 3-925902-23-6 .
  • Jewish life in Celle after 1945 (= Celle contributions to regional and cultural history. Volume 35; Sources and representations on the history of the district of Celle. Volume 8). Accompanying volume for the exhibition of the same name in the Celle Synagogue from April 19 to December 30, 2005. Ed. By the Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation Celle e. V. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89534-615-2 , pp. 34–36.
  • Sibylle Obenaus : Celle. In: Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Volume 1. Ed. By Herbert Obenaus in collaboration with David Bankier and Daniel Fraenkel. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , pp. 394-421.
  • Anne Riege et al. a .: stumbling blocks. Searching for traces in Celle. Ed .: Sabine Maehnert , Joachim Piper. Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation Celle, Celle 2008, ISBN 978-3-925902-66-6 .
  • Helmut Rüggeberg: History of the city of Celle in the context of the Lower Saxony state history. Edited by the Bomann Museum in Celle. Bomann-Museum, Celle 2007, ISBN 978-3-925902-62-8 , p. 86.
  • Sabine Maehnert (editor): Jewish community in Celle. Documentation for the exhibition (= small writings on the history of the city of Celle. Volume 15). Celle 2014, ISBN 978-3-925902-90-1 , pp. 16-18.

Web links

Commons : Im Kreise 24 (Celle)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See also Adolf Isaak Joseph - Harburger Straße 70. In: celle.de, November 10, 2015, accessed on April 20, 2017.
  2. ^ Sabine Glatter, Andrea Jensen, Katrin Keßler, Ulrich Knufinke: The buildings and facilities of the Jewish community in Celle. Synagogue, mikveh, cemetery (= small writings on the history of the city of Celle. Volume 2). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld / Celle 1997, ISBN 3-89534-219-X , pp. 15–65, here p. 21.
  3. ^ Report of the building department of the city of Celle on this work. In: John Busch, Jügen Ricklefs (editor): On the history of the Jews in Celle. Festschrift for the restoration of the synagogue. Ed. City of Celle. Celle 1974, pp. 59-60.
  4. ↑ Compare the documentation at Commons (see section Weblinks ).
  5. ↑ family fine Gersch - In the circle 23. In: celle.de. City of Celle, accessed on August 15, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Reinhard Rohde, Tim Wegener: District Office. (No longer available online.) In: celle-im-nationalsozialismus.de. Association for the Promotion of Political Literature V., archived from the original on November 3, 2016 ; accessed on May 30, 2019 . Excerpt from: Reinhard Rohde, Tim Wegener: Celle under National Socialism. A topographical overview . Brochure on the city tour "Celle under National Socialism". Celle 2007, ISBN 978-3-89534-883-9 , District Office, Speicherstraße 23, p. 31 ( celle-im-nationalsozialismus.de ( memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 3.8 MB ; accessed on May 30, 2019]).
  7. ↑ Jakob Gerschez - Im Kreise 24. In: celle.de, November 10, 2015, accessed on April 20, 2017.
  8. ↑ David Klatschko - Im Kreise 24. In: celle.de, November 10, 2015, accessed on April 20, 2017.
  9. ^ About the school: John Busch, Jügen Ricklefs (editor): About the history of the Jews in Celle. Festschrift for the restoration of the synagogue. Ed. City of Celle. Celle 1974, pp. 43-47.
  10. ^ Sabine Glatter, Andrea Jensen, Katrin Keßler, Ulrich Knufinke: The buildings and facilities of the Jewish community in Celle. Synagogue, mikveh, cemetery (= small writings on the history of the city of Celle. Volume 2). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld / Celle 1997, ISBN 3-89534-219-X , pp. 15–65, here p. 22.
  11. ↑ Hedda Saemann: Roof works over the Guelph residential buildings of the Baroque period in the context of courtly construction . Investigations in the former residence cities of Hanover, Celle, Osnabrück, Wolfenbüttel and Braunschweig (=  European University Viadrina Frankfurt / Oder, Professorship for Monument Studies [Ed.]: Seria wydawnicza Katedry Ochrony Zabytków Uniwersytetu Europejskiego Viadrina we Frankfurcie nad Odrą . Band nad Odrą 3 ). Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86568-922-1 , p. 440–442 (= studies on international architecture and art history. Volume 100. Zugl .: Frankfurt (Oder), Univ., Diss., 2012).
  12. ^ Sabine Glatter, Andrea Jensen, Katrin Keßler, Ulrich Knufinke: The buildings and facilities of the Jewish community in Celle. Synagogue, mikveh, cemetery (= small writings on the history of the city of Celle. Volume 2). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld / Celle 1997, ISBN 3-89534-219-X , pp. 15–65, here p. 27.
  13. ↑ John Busch, Jügen Ricklefs (Editor): The History of the Jews in Celle. Festschrift for the restoration of the synagogue. Ed. City of Celle. Celle 1974, p. 43.
  14. ^ Sabine Glatter, Andrea Jensen, Katrin Keßler, Ulrich Knufinke: The buildings and facilities of the Jewish community in Celle. Synagogue, mikveh, cemetery (= small writings on the history of the city of Celle. Volume 2). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld / Celle 1997, ISBN 3-89534-219-X , pp. 15–65, here p. 40; P. 40 ff. Notes on further equipment.

Coordinates: 52 ° 37 '22 "  N , 10 ° 5' 14"  E