Synagogue (Hechingen)
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The synagogue in Hechingen in the Zollernalbkreis ( Baden-Württemberg ) was built by the Jewish community in Goldschmiedstrasse in 1767 and was the successor to a building bought by the Jewish community in Hechingen in 1742, which had also been used as a synagogue .
The synagogue was named " Monument of the Month June 2020" by the Monument Foundation Baden-Württemberg .
Building history
In Hechingen in the first half of the 19th century, almost a quarter of the then city population professed to be Jewish. Around 1845 there were over 800 Jewish residents. Some families of the Hechingen Jews had become very wealthy. Therefore, in the second half of the 18th century, the need for a large and representative synagogue arose. At first, the house in which the prayer room was located was rented. Around 1742 the building was bought by the Jewish community. An extensive renovation, which was equivalent to a new building, took place from 1765 to 1767. An apartment in the building was considered for the cantor . Above this was what was then known as the “Women's School” for the female members of the community.
After the Jewish community continued to grow and the monastery synagogue in the Lehrhaus der Hofaktoren - the Kaulla family was kept in the "Münz", the assembly room of the synagogue on Goldschmiedstrasse became too small. Therefore, between 1850 and 1852, further major renovations were carried out. The cantor's apartment had become dispensable because the Jewish school and community building, which had contained a cantor's apartment, was built from 1830 to 1832. In this way, additional galleries could be created for the women. In a third phase of construction in 1881, the facade was redesigned in the classicism style.
The building was badly damaged during the National Socialist era . Under the command of Reutlingen SA leaders, Hechingen SA men broke into the synagogue during the November pogrom in 1938 and devastated the interior as well as the windows and doors.
As part of a restitution process , the building was handed over to the Israelitische Kultusvereinigung in Stuttgart in 1950. The latter sold it to a local glazier in 1952 , who then sold it to another owner who also used the former synagogue for storage until 1982. It threatened to deteriorate.
Due to the “Initiative Hechingen Synagoge” including the elaborate wall paintings, the building was saved, extensively restored and has been used for cultural events since 1986, organized by the “Initiative Alte Synagoge Hechingen”. In addition to the Hebrew inscription in the hanging gusset on the front left, an area with an earlier painting was left free during the renovation. This earlier layer of paint reveals a baroque painting with floral patterns from the time of the building.
layout
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During the renovation, the synagogue was given a late classicist front with imitation cuboids on the base. The interior is adorned with wall paintings from the period of historicism , which were made with stencils . In the form of a gallery there is a circumferential gallery that was intended for women during the service. The interior is closed at the top by a flat dome . Today there is a permanent exhibition on the history of the Hechingen Jews on the gallery.
Surroundings
Goldschmiedstrasse is located in the narrow and winding area of Hechingen's old town behind the collegiate church . The building at Goldschmiedstrasse 20, the synagogue, is integrated into a narrow to closed development. This fact is the reason why the synagogue was not burned down on the night of the pogrom.
In 2001 the city of Hechingen created the Synagogenstrasse memorial site. It consists of a steel band with the last stanza from Hyperion's Song of Fate by Friedrich Hölderlin and a concrete wall with four dates relevant to the history of the Hechingen Jewish community.
literature
- Manuel Werner: The Jews in Hechingen as a religious community . In: Journal of Hohenzollern History (ZHG). Part 1: Vol. 20, 1984, pp. 103-213, Part 2: Vol. 21, 1985, pp. 49-169.
- Otto Werner: With that the synagogue ceased to be a place of worship ". The November pogrom in Hechingen. In: Heimatkundliche Blätter Balingen (or Zollernalb) vol. 35 (1988), pp. 661-662 .
- Otto Werner: Synagogues and Jewish cemetery in Hechingen . Old Synagogue e. V., Hechingen 1996.
- Otto Werner: Old Synagogue Hechingen. Haigerloch 2007.
- Waldemar Luckscheiter, Manfred Stützle: The rescue of the old synagogue Hechingen . Old Synagogue e. V., Hechingen 2009.
- Waldemar Luckscheiter: Saving memories. Chronicle of the Old Synagogue in Hechingen from 1945 to 1991 . In: Journal of Hohenzollern History (ZHG). Vol. 46, 2010, pp. 33–54 ( PDF of the entire volume; 9 MB ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Otto Werner: Old Synagogue Hechingen. Haigerloch 2007, p. 9.
- ^ History of the synagogue in: Synagoge Hechingen , accessed on October 9, 2012
- ↑ Otto Werner: Old Synagogue Hechingen, Haigerloch 2007, p. 9
- ↑ Manuel Werner: The Jews in Hechingen as a religious community, in: ZHG 20 (1984), p. 142f. and 153
- ↑ Manuel Werner: The Jews in Hechingen as a religious community, in: ZHG 20 (1984), p. 147
- ↑ Otto Werner: Synagogues and Jewish cemetery in Hechingen, Hechingen 1996, p. 192f.
- ↑ Manuel Werner: The Jews in Hechingen as a religious community, in: ZHG 20 (1984), pp. 150–152
- ↑ Waldemar Luckscheiter, Manfred Stützle: The rescue of the old synagogue Hechingen. Hechingen (Alte Synagoge eV) 2009, Diana Maute: Synagogue in one hand. - In: Hohenzollerische Zeitung of January 24, 2015
- ^ "Hanging gusset with Hebrew inscriptions" in: Synagoge Hechingen , accessed on October 9, 2012
- ^ Synagogue Hechingen , accessed on October 9, 2012
- ↑ See Otto Werner: Leon Schmalzbach (1882–1942). Teachers and rabbinical administrators in Hechingen, ZHG 16 (1980), p. 144
- ↑ “Gedenkort Synagogenstraße” in: Synagoge Hechingen , accessed on October 9, 2012
- ↑ Otto Werner: Old Synagogue Hechingen, Haigerloch 2007, p. 30
Coordinates: 48 ° 21 '6.52 " N , 8 ° 57' 55.64" O