Synod of Dingolfing (770)

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The Synod of Dingolfing (770) was under the Agilolfinger Duke Tassilo III. an assembly of six Bavarian bishops and thirteen abbots in Dingolfing , at which ecclesiastical and secular affairs were regulated, which supplemented, confirmed and modified the norms of the Lex Baiuvariorum . The exact time of the Synod is not known, it is located between 765, 770 and 776/77.

Attendees

In addition to the Duke a measuring or dead Bund simultaneously adopted in accordance handed down nineteen names, these are the six bishops Manno of Niuvenburg , Alim ( Alienus ) from the diocese Saeben , Virgilius of Salzburg , Viserich from the diocese of Passau , Simpert from the diocese of Regensburg and Herre ( Haeres Cyrinus or Aribo or Erbe) from the diocese of Freising .

The following are named as abbots: Oportunus from Mondsee Monastery , Wolfprecht (Wolfbert I. or Wolfperht called) from Niederaltaich Monastery , Adalprecht (Adalbert or Adalperht) from Tegernsee Monastery , Ato from Schlehdorf Monastery , Uto from Metten Monastery , Landfrit from Benediktbeuern Monastery , Albuin von Mattsee Monastery , Ruothart (possibly Wessobrunn Monastery , Ernest (cannot be assigned), Reginprecht von Moosburg Monastery , Volkanhart (Wolchanhar (d) t) from Berg Monastery in the Donaugau (the localization is controversial, the Bogenberg in the Donaugau is assumed) , Perkos from Schliersee Abbey , Sigido, possibly abbot of Weltenburg Abbey or Münchsmünster Abbey .

It can be safely assumed that the great boyarians were also present, even if their names have not been passed down.

content

At the synod twelve canons were decided. On the one hand, the rules call to mind the Benedictine principles for bishops and abbots and, in their secular content, are a sign of the effort to strike a balance between the duke, the nobility and the Adalschalken . In the text an early differentiation is seen between the nobility ( nobiles ) and the free ( liberi ) and of course from the servants / slaves ( servi ).

The spiritual provisions refer to the prohibition of Sunday work with different and, if repeated, draconian legal consequences for freelancers and servants (Art. 1), bishops and abbots are reminded of the applicable rules (Art. 3) and the prohibition is reminded, God to marry consecrated virgins (Art. 4).

A donation to the church must be confirmed with a document under witnesses ( tribus testibus fidelibus et nobilibus ) (Art. 2); this, too, is a sign of class differentiation, because the Lex Baiuvariorum did not yet make any demands on the quality of the witnesses. In addition, this restricts the testament right to noble persons. The ius ad legem (= right to law) is confirmed for nobles , free people and Adalschalken , so they are guaranteed their legal status. Here are explicitly these three items differed (Art. 5) and also the Adalschalken is a right to wergild granted (Art. 7). Inherited property is guaranteed unless someone is guilty of a capital crime (robbery, murder, rape). These capital crimes are expanded to include manslaughter of a person belonging to the prince ( hominem principis ) (Art. 9). The wife of a nobleman is not affected by the legal consequences (Art. 12). The duke must recognize the hereditary character of ducal prestariums (= fiscal or church property, the usufruct of which is lifelong or fixed for a certain period of time) in the hands of nobles if they serve him faithfully (Art. 8). If a noble woman marries a slave (without knowing it), she has the right to release him and she can become a free one again (Art. 10). If a person is accused of a wrongdoing, they should negotiate this in peace with the plaintiff before entering into a duel ( Vuehadink ) (Art. 11).

In the mass or death covenant attached to the canons of the Dingolfin Synod it says: “When one of them leaves the world, each of the bishops or abbots who are still alive should read or have 100 private masses read in their cathedral or monastery church. When clergymen or monks depart from the world, the bishop or abbot should read thirty private masses for each. "

sculpture

In Dingolfing, a granite sculpture by Gerhard Kadletz was placed in front of the library on Spitalplatz. The artist created a 16-page book from a block of granite. It commemorates the Synod of Dingolfing, which was of central importance for the further development of written law.

literature

  • Joachim Jahn: Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger , chap. 12.10 The Synod of Dingolfing (776/777), the prayer fraternity and the Bavarian monasteries. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3777291080 .
  • Wilhelm Störmer: Early nobility. Studies on the political leadership in the Frankish-German Empire from the 8th to 11th centuries (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Stuttgart, Hiersemann 1973, ISBN 3777273074 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Synod in Dingolfing 770 .
  2. ^ Synod of Dingolfing on the homepage of the city of Dingolfing, accessed on May 26, 2019.
  3. ↑ Joachim Jahn, 1991, p. 512f.
  4. ^ Wilhelm Störmer, 1973, p. 148.
  5. ^ Synod of Dingolfing : Latin texts with German translation. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
  6. ↑ Georg Michael Weber: Manual of the fiefdom law customary in Germany according to the principles of Georg Ludwig Böhmer: General German Lehenrecht. Weidmann, Leipzig 1808, p. 8.
  7. ↑ Ludger Gallenmüller: The "Book of Books": Gerhard Kadletz presents a new work of art. In: Dingolfinger Anzeiger of October 7, 2015, accessed on May 26, 2019.