Takedown (martial arts)

In martial arts, a takedown describes a technique that brings the opponent out of balance and to the ground, so that the attacker stops or lands on the opponent. A guard pull is to be distinguished from this , in which the opponent is pulled into the guard , ie the attacker and the opponent "sit down".

In general, most takedowns work with the element of surprise , so that the right timing from the right position together with the fast execution is crucial.

This fast attack is also called “shooting” because the attacker “shoots forward” before the opponent can defend.

Although throws, such as those from judo , are usually separated from takedowns, they sometimes fall into the same category.

Takedowns play a role in grappling , for example wrestling , Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu , sambo , but also in mixed martial arts .

Other sports with takedowns are Vale Tudo , Luta Livre , Judo , or Aikidō .

Leg trip

Forty judo litters, many with leg trips

The leg trip is a technique in which the fighter uses his own legs to throw the opponent off balance and thus to fall.

Put simply, the opponent is "tripped up" and, depending on the direction of movement, he is pulled or pushed over.

Leg trips are often involved in more complex takedown techniques, and are also important for some judo throws such as the O Uchi Gari or the Ko Uchi Gari. Takedown techniques, which are pure leg trips, usually involve controlling the opponent's body to move him in the desired direction.

Leg trips are common in freestyle wrestling, judo, sumo and shuai jiao . In Greco-Roman wrestling , however, they are forbidden.

Single leg takedown

The single leg takedown involves grasping one leg of an opponent, usually with both hands, to throw him off balance and to the ground.

Typically, the lower part of the foot is pulled in one direction while the torso or shoulder pushes the body in the other direction.

There are various variants of the single-leg takedown . Some work by lifting and holding the leg by the ankle and are often referred to as "ankle picks" or more generally "low single leg takedowns", while others attack the thigh (high single leg takedowns), pulling the opponent's leg up .

The leg can be attacked either through the body (from the inside) or from the outside of the body (outside). Single leg takedowns can also be performed in combination with a leg trip to the other leg, which further destabilizes the opponent.

They can be defended by unhooking the raised foot in the aggressor's crotch (so that it cannot be raised any further and keeping a distance from the attacker) and, if permitted, countering in combination with a knee strike on the opponent's head.

In judo and other martial arts, there are many classifications of different types of single leg takedowns .

Variants of the high single leg takedown correspond to the Sukui Nage (掬投, Scoop Throw "shovel throw"), in which the opponent is lifted off the ground, while the typical, pushing forward single leg takedown as Morote Gari (刈, "scoop both hands") referred to as. Some techniques are more specific, for example kibisu gaeshi (返, "Heel Trip Reversal") is an ankle pick in which the heel is gripped, lifted and the opponent is hit / thrown directly on it. In kuchiki taoshi (落, "to drop a hand") the opponent's leg is grabbed, pulled up and used to push him to the ground in a split second. The technique was banned in judo competitions by the International Judo Federation in 2010 , with the exception of counter or combination.

Double leg takedown

Double leg takedown / Morote-Gari

The double leg takedown involves grabbing the opponent with both arms around the opponent's legs. While the chest is held close to the opponent and the shoulder lifts the hip out of the opponent, his legs are blocked. There are several ways to force the opponent to the ground, such as lifting and throwing on the floor ("slamming") or pushing forward with the shoulder while pulling the opponent's legs. The double-leg takedown can be defended similarly to a single-leg takedown by a wider leg position ("sprawling"), moving away and / or hitting. The guillotine choke, a kind of headlock from the front, reversed, is also a good counter to a poorly executed double-leg takedown.

The double leg takedown is also known as a morote-gari in judo, although some claim that a double leg takedown, in which the opponent is lifted in the air or moved sideways, is called a sukui-nage. Morote-Gari, although long used by judokas and personally recognized by Jigoro Kano, was not accepted as an official judo technique by the Kodokan until 1982. Rejected by some traditionalists, the technique was banned from competition by the International Judo Federation in 2010, except as a counter or combination.

Another form of double-leg takedowns is the double leg and trip, in which the person shoots and, while holding both legs, swings one of his legs around and, as it were, pushes the opponent over the "set" leg.

Duck under

In a duck under, the wrestler pulls the opponent's elbow forward and away from the body, lowers his own head and ducks under the opponent's arm to get behind or at least next to the opponent. From this position the opponent can be brought to the ground by lifting and throwing or by a leg trip

Firemans Carry

A "Firemans Carry-Litter" (Sheik Abdul Bashir vs Brutus Magnus)

The Firemans Carry is a takedown technique, which is reminiscent of a common method of evacuating injured people by fire brigade rescue workers .

While using the attacker's left hand on the right side of the opponent's body, he pulls the opponent's right elbow forward so that the attacker's head falls under the opponent's right arm. At the same time, the attacker's right hand takes the inside of the opponent's right thigh and lifts it, while the attacker rises and turns to the left, causing the opponent to fall on his right.

clinch

A fighter (red gloves) tries to clinch the opponent in Muay Thai.

→ Main article clinch

When clinching, the opponent's head is clamped with the hands. The higher the grip, the better the pull, because the opponent cannot hold against it with the neck muscles.

It can be clinched with one hand or two hands. The clinch is often used as an entry ("setup") for other takedowns, for example double leg takedown or arm drag.

Underhook

Underhooks can be divided into single underhooks and double underhooks.

Single underhook

A single underhook involves reaching under the opponent's arm and holding the back of the opponent's torso or upper body, while a double underhook holds the opponent with both arms. Both can serve as the basis for a takedown, as underhooks provide the opportunity to control the opponent's upper body.

Double underhook

Double underhooks are considered to be one of the most dominant positions in the clinch, mainly because they allow good control of the opponent and can be used to steer or throw the opponent. The double underhooks can be used to establish a "bear hug", translated as "bear hug". By locking your hands behind your back and keeping your opponent close to your chest, your balance is completely undone. Under certain conditions, this can even lead to the opponent giving up if the force is so strong that there is a risk of painful displacement of the vertebrae (“spinal lock”) or shortness of breath. The opponent usually responds to double underhooks with double overhooks to prevent the bear hug.

Overhook

The overhook, also known as the whizzer, is a clinch hold that controls the opponent. An overhook is performed from any direction by placing an arm over the opponent's arm and circling the opponent's arm or torso. An overhook with one arm is called a single overhook, while an overhook with both arms is called a double overhook. Overhooks are typically used in response to an opponent's underhook.

Single overhook

A single overhook can be used to bring an opponent to the ground. The fighter hooks himself over one arm of the opponent and simultaneously moves to that side of the opponent, often holding the opponent's other upper arm or elbow with the other hand. He puts weight on the opponent's hooked arm, forces him to the ground and then kicks over the opponent's back.

Double overhooks

The double overhooks are generally considered to be less effective than double underhooks and are often used in response to double underhooks by the opponent. If the opponent's hands can be locked to the opponent's body, it is possible to establish a bear hug with the opponent's arms fixed ("pinned") in the grip. Most of the time, however, the overhooks are used to prevent the opponent from bear hug by using double overhooks to defend the opponent's double underhooks. So you are more defensive than double underhooks.

Bear Hug

Wrestler Chris Masters puts a "bear hug" on Shawn Michaels from the front.

A bear hug is a grappling hook and stand-up grappling position in which the arms are placed around the opponent, either around the opponent's chest, torso or thighs. The hands are closed around the opponent and the opponent is held close to his own body. The bear hug is a dominant position, with great control over the opponent and also allows an easy takedown to the back position.

A variation on the bearhug is the reverse bear hug, in which a wrestler has his hands locked behind his opponent's middle or lower back and presses his forehead into her sternum while pulling his locked hands inward. He thus forces his opponent to bend backwards and fall. It is a painful movement as there is a lot of pressure on the opponent's sternum. This can injure the vertebrae and muscles of the back and cause shortness of breath .

In professional wrestling, this move is most commonly used by wrestlers who are known for having good upper body strength.

The grip became known by the Canadian professional wrestler Dave MC Kigney "Terrible Ted", who actually wrestled with a 600-pound bear.

Spin around

The spin-around is often used as a counter to an opposing attempt at a single or double leg takedown. If the opponent shoots for the legs, the attacked fighter wrestler spreads his legs far back and then moves quickly around behind the opponent.

In a snapdown spin around, both hands are placed on the opponent's neck, and when the opponent's head is held low or lower, both hands pull down, bringing the opponent's head and thus the body towards the ground. At the same time, the attacker moves around behind the opponent.

Arm drag

With arm drag, one of the opponent's arms is gripped at the wrist and under the triceps and blocked in front of the trunk. The attacker pulls himself up to the opponent and with his shoulders past him so that he lands behind him. So, in a sense, it circles around it. The arm drag itself is not a takedown; however, like the clinch, it is often used as a setup for a takedown. As soon as the attacker is behind the opponent, he can easily bring him to the ground with a variety of actual takedowns, for example leg trips, throws or the like.

Individual evidence

↑ Guard Pull or Takedown Discrimination , accessed March 2, 2018.

↑ judo champion Tsunetane Oda demonstrates the Guard pull retrieved on March 4 2018th

^ Litters and takedowns , accessed March 2, 2018.

↑ The Gokyo of Kodokan: 40 Throwing Techniques / accessed March 2, 2018.

↑ Rules of the Wrestling Association Schleswig-Holstein , accessed on February 24, 2018.

↑ Youtube video of the high single leg takedown by BJJ brown belt wearer Jan Zander and IBJJF world champion Hannah Rauch , accessed on March 2, 2018.

↑ MMA Berlin rules of March 30, 2017. Sportschule MMA Berlin, March 30, 2017, archived from the original on February 26, 2018 ; accessed on July 1, 2019 (original website no longer available).

↑ The 67 litters of Kodokan Judo , accessed on February 24, 2018.

↑ Sukui Nage , accessed February 24, 2018.

^ Morote-Gari , accessed February 24, 2018.

↑ An outline of the Kodokan Judo in English, accessed on February 24, 2018.

↑ Video , accessed February 24, 2018.

↑ Double Leg Takedown and Most Common Errors , accessed February 24, 2018.

↑ Article on the story of Morote Gari; Morote Gari is rejected by traditionalists (article in Spanish) ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on March 2, 2018. @1@ 2

↑ Overview of the rule changes from 2014 to 2016 on the website of the North Rhine-Westphalian Judo Association ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 24, 2018. @1@ 2