Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
The Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (short BJJ ; Portuguese jiu-jitsu brasileiro ) is a modification and further development of the Japanese martial arts Jūdō and Jiu Jitsu , which focuses on ground fighting, with throwing techniques also taught from the stand during training . The largest sports association is the International Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) .
History of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu
Beginnings
The Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is the South American variant of the Kōdōkan Jūdō and was developed by the brothers Carlos and Hélio Gracie . Carlos Gracie learned Judo from Mitsuyo Maeda , a student of Kanō Jigorō and passed it on to his younger brother Hélio. Hélio was physically rather skinny and could not use many of the traditional judo techniques. For this reason, he changed the mechanics and leverage of many techniques, making them more effective and also applicable to physically weaker people. Hélio and Carlos taught their children Judo, creating the next generation of fighters and teachers who spread Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and proved the efficiency of the style in many Vale Tudo challenge battles.
In the 1970s, one of Hélio's sons, Rorion Gracie, came to the USA to pursue a career. He taught the family style in his garage , and slowly more and more people in the USA became interested in this martial art.
The first UFC tournaments in 1993
In the early 1990s, Rorion opened a large academy in Los Angeles and created the “ Ultimate Fighting Championships ” (“UFC” for short) together with advertising expert Art Davie .
In these fights, which were broadcast on American pay-per-view television, martial artists of various styles fought against each other. Originally there were only a few rules about this. You could neither bite nor stab your opponent in the eye. Head butts , hair pulling and blows to the groin were undesirable, but allowed.
The goal was the enemy ko to strike or to force him to give up. Royce Gracie , the son of Hélio Gracie , won three of the four UFC tournaments as the easiest participant. He ended all won fights by submitting the opponent. To date, he is the only fighter who has ever won four fights in one event.
Effects of Royce Gracie's victory on BJJ's spread
Gracie's fighting style is still formative for BJJ fighters during an MMA fight to this day. Punches and kicks, which are not the focus of BJJ, are primarily used tactically to induce the opponent to move an arm or leg as a protective reaction, which can then be grasped for a final lever or choke technique . In standing combat, the avoidance of the opponent's blows and kicks is practiced. Bridging the distance to the enemy as quickly as possible in order to involve him in the ground fight is also typical of BJJ. Experience with random fights shows that your own risk of injury can be minimized through such fighting behavior, as the short distance on the ground means that there are only a few positions in which hard hits can be executed. However, it is wrong to equate BJJ with Vale Tudo, Free Fight, or MMA. While BJJ training is mandatory for most modern MMA fighters, hitting and kicking is prohibited in the BJJ competitions themselves.
Differentiation between Gracie Jiu Jitsu (GJJ) and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ)
Sometimes there is a demarcation between Gracie Jiu Jitsu (GJJ) and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu within the BJJ community.
Gracie Jiu Jitsu is generally Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, but not every style and technique in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is Gracie Jiu Jitsu (GJJ).
GJJ must meet three criteria:
1. Ease of application / learnability
In the BJJ, there are techniques that require a lot of exercise or physical requirements such as size, flexibility or complicated entrances, such as techniques such as the Deep Half Guard , for which one must not be too tall, rubber guard , or flying armbar . The techniques are effective and can be learned - but sometimes only if the physical requirements are met. The "GJJ" equivalents to this would be Half Guard , Guard and Armbar .
2. Functionality based on leverage (without force)
Complicated takedowns such as the " suplex " borrowed from wrestling require strength and coordination. They are effective, but cannot be learned "easily" or the practice takes months or years. The GJJ alternative to this would be a body lock , for example .
3. "Roadworthiness"
A distinction can be made between "Sport Jiu Jitsu" and "Street Jiu Jitsu". In the sport of Jiu Jitsu there are many techniques that are based on the rules. For example, there is the "turtle position", in which a fighter hides himself. In a random fight this would not be an option as the attacker would kick him in the back and soft tissues. Here, too, the "Tactical Standup", the " Guard ", the " Mount " or the " Side Control " would be more practical alternatives.
10th Planet Jiu Jitsu
The martial artist Eddie Bravo developed the techniques of the Gracie family further and called his style 10th Planet Jiu Jitsu . Bravos system completely dispenses with the use of the Keikogi , which is why it is easier to adapt for modern MMA competition. He gained great fame in martial arts circles when he defeated Royler Gracie in the 2003 ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship .
graduation
As part of a competition, fighters compete in different weight and beginner / advanced classes, which are divided according to the belt color of the fighters. This gradation of belts in the BJJ differs from other Japanese belt systems. The colors, from beginner to master, are white - blue - purple - brown - black.
There is also a red belt, which is located above the black belt. At the time this article was revised in March 2018, the list only included 33 carriers worldwide, so it has practically no role in sport.
Traditionally in the BJJ the belts are "awarded" by the teacher (usually a black belt) to his students. Here it is less important how long the person has been practicing BJJ, but a "belt promotion" (belt award) takes place on the basis of the success that the students achieve in training or in competitions. Many schools also award up to four strips per strap, which should also represent a fine gradation of skills.
regulate
Basically, biting, hair-tearing, hitting, kicking and finger pricks are prohibited in sporting competitions. As explained, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu differs from MMA, for example, where punches and kicks are allowed under certain rules.
The sporty BJJ fight with Keikogi usually starts while standing and is usually continued and ended after a so-called " takedown " on the ground. The fighter has two options to win the fight. In the BJJ, fighters receive points or advantages (advantages) for certain positions or actions that are advantageous for them or that change the course of the fight in their favor. Examples of how to win points can be taking the " mount " - you sit on the opponent's chest - or a successful sweep - you can move from a less favorable position to a better one, e.g. B. from the supine position to the upper position - are called. On the other hand, one advantage is obtained through a clear approach and attempt at a submission. These advantages are only relevant in the event of a tie. Regardless of the score, there is always the possibility of forcing the opponent to give up with a "submission", which he symbolizes by knocking his hand on the mat, his body or that of the opponent. This can be achieved through numerous strangulation and lever techniques. If the opponent is knocked unconscious by a permitted choking technique or injured by a lever technique without having given up, the one who performed this technique wins. If none of the fighters reaches a “submission” from the opponent after the fight time has expired (usually 5–10 minutes), the fighter with the most points wins.
Often techniques with a high risk of injury such as knee lever, twisting the ankle for white or blue belts are prohibited. However, the rules have been relaxed or changed again and again. For example, the so-called “straight ankle lock”, a technique in which the opponent's foot is clamped under the armpit and overstretched to the point of pain, has been permitted for white belts since 2014 if it is carried out straight, i.e. without tugging sideways.
So-called “flying” variants of the different techniques are generally prohibited for beginners. These are techniques in which an attack is not carried out on the ground, as is usual, but by jumping in the air. While usually a "takedown" has to take place first in order to control the opponent and, if necessary, to set a submission, these techniques aim to pull the opponent to the ground directly by means of a scheduled submission and thus force a quick decision.
However, many rules depend on the respective tournament or organizer.
Delimitation to the Luta Livre
A style very similar to the BJJ is the Brazilian Luta Livre (Free Fighting) - in contrast to the BJJ or Judo, no Gi is worn in the Luta Livre .
The biggest competitions
One factor in the popularity of this sport is the multitude of competitions. The largest of this type include:
- World Jiu Jitsu Championship (World Championships)
- World Master Championship (3600 participants in Las Vegas 2016)
- Pan American Championship (3000 participants in Irvine, California 2015)
- European Championships (3517 participants in Lisbon 2016)
Web links
- Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation
- Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation Germany
- German information site about Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of Brazilan Jiu Jitsu
- ↑ foxsports.com article "UFC co-founder Campbell MC Laren publishes the original UFC rules from 1993 on his Twitter account, article from May 14, 2014 , as of March 8, 2018.
- ↑ Original UFC rules from UFC co-founder Campbell MC Laren on Twitter , as of March 8, 2018.
- ↑ Match record for Royce Gracie, including the first four UFC tournaments 1993/1994, accessed on March 8, 2018
- ↑ History of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)
- ↑ Explanation of the difference between Street (Gracie) Jiu Jitsu and Sport Jiu Jitsu by Ryron and Rener Gracie , as of June 14, 2020.
- ↑ Youtube video of Eddie Bravo's fight against Royler Gracie at the ADCC, 2003 , as of March 8, 2018.
- ↑ Technical article "Bloodyelbow on the fight between Eddie Bravo and Royler Gracie at the ADCC, 2003 , as of March 8, 2018.
- ^ List of Red Belt bearers as of April 19, 2016.
- ↑ Meaning of the stripes and the belt colors in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, specialist article "Scrantonmma.com , as of March 8, 2018.
- ↑ Graduation of belts according to IBJJF rules
- ↑ IBJJF rules as the world's largest Brazilian Jiu Jitsu sports association , accessed on March 8, 2018.
- ↑ IBJJF rules as the world's largest Brazilian Jiu Jitsu sports association , accessed on March 8, 2018.
- ^ Rules of Luta Livre versus Brazilan Jiu Jitsu
- ↑ Saulo and Xande Ribeiro, Carlson Gracie Jr., Rômulo Barral, Vitor Shaolin and other big names to feature at World Master Jiu-Jitsu | GRACIEMAG. In: www.graciemag.com. Retrieved August 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Bjj Eastern Europe - Top 10 Most Prestigious Jiu-Jitsu tournaments For Competitors. In: www.bjjee.com. Retrieved August 28, 2016 .
- ↑ IBJJF European Open Results 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2016 (American English).
