Armlock (martial arts)
As Armlock is called the Grappling a lever painfully overextended joints and thus forcing the enemy to surrender.
It can thus be differentiated from chokes, such as the triangle choke or the rear naked choke , which have the effect that the arteries are squeezed off and the opponent becomes unconscious within a very short time .
Disadvantages may arise from the fact that an opponent who is heavily under adrenaline , for example because he is very angry or because he has taken drugs or painkillers , no longer feels pain, so that these levers then only have a limited effect.
Armlocks can be divided into shoulder locks , which overstretch the shoulder joints, and arm levers (e.g. armbar).
General
Achieving an armlock requires effective use of the leverage of the entire body. The limbs, such as the shoulder joint or the arm, must be isolated in such a way that defending them, for example with the other hand or by twisting them in to relieve the pressure, is no longer possible. Therefore, performing an armlock from the floor is easier than from a standing position, where the opponent has more opportunities to relieve the joint through movement.
Armlocks are effective (with the exception mentioned above) and generally pose a relatively low risk of injury because, on the one hand, they are generally performed slowly and in a controlled manner during training so that the opponent can tap off in good time and thus signal the task. Furthermore, the pain sets in early.
This is different with techniques such as the heel hook , where pain only sets in when the ligaments of the knees are torn.
In a self-defense situation, on the other hand, they can still be carried out so excessively that there is immediate greater damage such as broken arms or torn ligaments .
Armable
The "jūji-gatame" (十字 固 め, executed as " Ude hishigi juji gatame "), also known as "armbar", "cross armbar" or "straight armbar", is a Kodokan judo technique. The English word "bar" (in German "Riegel") is used to illustrate the overstretched arm like a bar. The Japanese word "jūji" (十字) is reminiscent of the visual similarity to the number 10 ( in kanji十). The word "jūji" can also be found in "jūjika" (十字架), which means something like "cross".
The martial artist Eddie Bravo has integrated a modification of it into his 10th Planet-Jiu Jitsu system. There he calls it “Spiderweb” (cobweb) because it is practically impossible to escape.
The armbar can be from different positions, such as. B. with the mount or guard .
In the standard version from the mount, the fighter secures the arm of the opponent on the wrist, locking it by pressing the knees together.
To execute the submission , he crosses the opponent's chest with one leg. He places the second fibula over the opponent's face to prevent him from getting up or " shrimping out ".
The hips must be tight in the armpit of the opponent, the arm must be locked between the thighs. The elbow must be fixed in such a way that the opponent cannot relieve the pressure by twisting the elbow. The opponent's thumb must be pointing up to achieve an optimal position. The pressure can also be increased if the performer lifts the hips.
This technique is used in many grappling martial arts such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu , Catch-Wrestling , Judo , Jiu Jitsu , Sambo, and MMA .
Flying armbar
The "flying armbar" or "tobi-jūji-gatame" (飛 び 十字 固 め) is a version of the jūji-gatame, which is executed from the stand.
When fighting without a GI , the attacker grabs the opponent's neck.
When fighting with GI, the Flying Armbar can be performed without having to hold the neck.
While controlling the opponent's neck and arms , the performer swings his shins against the opponent's torso and leans back in a typical jūji-gatame position.
A variation is that instead of pressing the shin against the trunk, the lower leg is pushed directly through the space between the arm and trunk and the knee is placed at the opponent's armpit. This has the advantage of placing the attacker's hips closer to the defender's shoulder. This makes the execution or termination of the submission easier.
The disadvantage of this modification, however, is that the associated risk of injury increases due to the increased height of the attacker above the ground and the almost vertical overhead angle to the ground.
Another disadvantage is that if this technique is not performed correctly, the opponent can escape and take a more advantageous position. The Flying Armbar is considered to be one of the most visually spectacular arm levers, but due to the disadvantages mentioned, it is only used relatively rarely.
Helicopter armbar
The "Helicopter Armbar" is a slightly different version of the Armbar, a combination of Armbar and Tomoe Nage, which is also used in wrestling, judo and BJJ. When the attacker stands in front of the opponent, he grabs both arms and falls backwards, causing the opponent to lean forward. Then the attacker places his feet on the opponent's stomach or hips and lifts him up with his feet. When securing one of the opposing arms, the attacker will drop one foot (same side as the arm being secured). This causes the opponent to spin, fall and land with the attacker's arm outstretched.
Sankaku-gatame
The "sankaku-gatame" (三角 固 め) or "triangle armlock" is a jūji-gatame that is put on from the "sankaku" position (triangle choke). Based on judo, it is usually used when the "shime" ( choking ) does not work. It is an effective competitive technique because the opponent's arm has been isolated while defending the sankaku-jime and their attention is focused on stopping the choking.
Shoulder lock
The "shoulder lock" is a technique in which the upper body is blocked and the shoulder joint is hyperextended isolated from the upper body. The application is carried out by applying pressure between the radial bone and the shoulder.
Top Shoulder Lock / Americana
The “top shoulder lock” (also known as “figure-four armlock”, “bent armlock”, “americana”, “keylock”, “V1 armlock”, “paintbrush”, or “ ude-garami ”) is an armlock -Technique in which both arms of the attacker isolate the shoulder, the elbow and, to a lesser extent, the wrist of the opponent, thereby overstretching the elbow and shoulder joint.
The technique is generally applied by the person carrying out the work by reaching over from the opposite side, e.g. from the mount or the side control . That means, to grab the opponent's right hand, he uses his own left hand. He holds the opponent's arm by the wrist so that the elbow rests on the opponent's arm and a right angle is created with the palm of the hand facing up. The attacker then threads his opposite hand under the opponent's biceps and grabs his own wrist. This creates a so-called figure-four grip, i.e. a grip that looks like the number 4. The closer the opponent's wrist is pulled to the torso , the better.
Now the fighter lifts his own forearm, which he has pushed under the opponent's elbow joint in order to overextend the opponent's tendons.
There are also numerous variations of this technique with their own nomenclature, which depend, for example, on the direction of rotation of the arms. This is made clear by the addition of the word "reverse".
Double wristlock / Kimura
The double wristlock became popular under the name "Kimura" after judoka and professional wrestler Masahiko Kimura used it to defeat one of the founders of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Hélio Gracie . This naming became particularly important in MMA after his son Royce Gracie won the first UFC tournaments and thus assumed a central role in MMA sport.
UFC announcer Bruce Buffer also proclaimed victories as "by tap-out due to a Kimura".
Furthermore, the handle is known under the designations "chicken wing", "reverse keylock" or in judo as "gyaku ude-garami" (reverse arm crossings) or simply as "ude-garami".
The application is similar to Americana , only that the execution is reversed. It needs some space behind the opponent to be effective.
It is therefore advisable to carry out this technique from the guard , while the above-mentioned Americana is carried out from the side control or the mount.
In contrast to Americana , the opponent's wrist is gripped with the hand on the same side, and the opposite arm is placed behind the opponent's arm, you grasp the attacker's wrist again and form a figure-four grip here too. By controlling the opponent's body and twisting the arm away from the attacker, pressure is put on the shoulder joint and, depending on the angle, the elbow joint (in some variations the opponent's arm is brought behind his back, resulting in an end position) similar to this the hammer lock described below.
Controversy over the "right" term
The Professional wrestler Terry Funk wrote to the stuntman Tony Morelli that wrestling has introduced the handle in the 20s of the last century and expressed slight frustration term "Kimura" from which also gradually replaces the term "Double Wristlock" wrestling. He said that Morelli established the term "Kimura" by using it repeatedly throughout his thirty-year career.
Also used Wichita Eagle to describe Dick Davis Courts victory over "Strongman" Milo Steinborn the term.
The National Collegiate Athletic Association recorded in a 1928 rule book:
"Attention is called to the fact that if the double wristlock is brought up to a twisting hammerlock, it becomes an illegal hold and must be stopped by the Referee ..."
"Note the fact that if the double wristlock is brought into a twisting hammerlock, the fight must be stopped due to an illegal grip."
The handle must be distinguished from the wrist lock ( Aikidō ) in any case . Here the grip describes the painful twisting of the wrist, which is also practiced in martial arts such as Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, but only plays a subordinate role.
Omoplata (sankaku-garami / ude-garami)
The "omoplata" (also known in judo as "ashi-sankaku-garami", 三角 緘, loosely translated as "triangular entanglement") and in wrestling as "coil lock" ("roll-up lever") is also a well-known shoulder lever.
It must not be confused with the similar sounding “Locoplatata”, “Gogoplata” and “Baratoplata”, which are independent techniques and have nothing to do with the aforementioned Omoplata.
The Omoplata must not be confused with the "Jiu Claw" taught by Eddie Bravo . This is a preliminary stage to the Omoplata, but not yet fully completed.
The Omoplata is particularly practiced in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu.
The mechanical approach is similar to that of the Kimura Lock, but instead of the Figure Four grip, the arm is isolated with the help of the leg and the pressure is forced either with the arm or with the own upper body.
The Omoplata can be put on from the Guard or Rubberguard by angled one leg over the opponent's shoulders and the fighter rotates his position about 180 degrees.
By controlling the opponent's body and pushing his arm straight away from his back, the shoulder is overstretched.
It is also possible to increase the pressure under the elbow by bending / crossing the leg under the arm.
The opponent can free himself from this technique by either rolling forward or sideways over the person performing this so that he can then control him in the side control .
In order to prevent this, the performer can either hold his trunk or a leg with his arm so that a roll forward or climbing over is prevented. He can do the same with his “inner” leg, which is close to the body.
Tsunetane Oda, a groundfighting master of judo, (died 1955) demonstrated the technique on video.
Hammer lock
The "hammer lock" is a shoulder lever, similar to the Kimura, in which the opponent's arm is pressed against his back. In German-speaking countries, this lever is also known to the general public as the "police attack".
See also
- Leglock (martial arts)
- Task handle
- Wristlock
- Bicep slicer
- Spinal Lock
- Wristlock (Aikido)
- Choke (martial arts)
- Leverage (martial arts)
Web links
- Gracie BJJ. Kimura Lock . mmasubmissionmoves.com.
- Bothner, George; Gotch, Frank; Hackenschmidt, George; Liederman, Earle. Hammer lock . gnarlmaster.tripod.com.
- Kesting, Stephan. Revolutionary Omo Plata . www.grapplearts.com.
- Kesting, Stephan; Soares, Marcus. Mastering the Kimura , www.grapplearts.com.
- Ohlenkamp, Neil. The Most Powerful Armlock in Judo . judoinfo.com.
- Trnka, Tue. MMA bow . www.mmareporter.dk. URL last accessed August 18, 2006. (In Danish)
Individual evidence
- ^ Classification of Techniques in Kodokan Judo . Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ↑ The 29 Official Grappling Techniques of Kodokan Judo . Archived from the original on October 7, 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ↑ "Daviscourt Knows Too Much About Wrestling Game," reprinted from The Wichita Eagle from The WAWLI Papers
- ^ "National Collegiate Athletic Association Official Intercollegiate Wrestling Guide", by the Spalding's Athletic Library, 1928 (page 50)
- ↑ Robin Reed had used the move to force pins on his way to an Olympic gold medal in 1924.
- ^ "Wrestling Tough," by Mike Chapman, pages 65-66.
- ^ "National Collegiate Athletic Association Rulebook," accessed December 28, 2017
- ↑ Toshikazu Okada. Master Tsunetane Oda
- ↑ Tsunetane Oda - judo ne-waza 3 of 3