Talisman (ship, 1862)
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The Talisman was a French steamship built in 1862 that was used for deep sea exploration.
The ship and the equipment
Through the insistence of Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835-1900) and Léopold de Folin (1817-1896) on the Ministres de la Marine et de l'Instruction publique , Admiral Jean Bernardin Jauréguiberry (1815-1887), ministre de la Marine (in the periods from 1879–1880 and 1882–1883) be convinced to provide a more powerful ship, the Talisman . The talisman had a length of 70 meters and a water displacement of 1270 tons ( ship dimensions ). The Talisman was more seaworthy than the previous research ship Travailleur and was powered by a more powerful steam engine than this. It also received far more complex equipment than the travailleur , so 8,000 meters of steel wire with a diameter of 10 millimeters were available for exploring the seabed. This steel wire was moved with auxiliary machines consisting of a winch with a huge drum. The winch for the excavator and the trawls treuil pour remonter les dragues ou les chaluts ( dredges ) of the French expedition ship Talisman worked with 25 hp (18.39 kW) and cost 13,650 francs at Jules Le Blanc, engineer-constructor from Paris .
Rides
The ship, under the command of Captain J. Parfait, who had occupied the same position on the Travailleur the previous year , left the port of Rochefort on June 1, 1883, with Alphonse Milne-Edwards from the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle and one on board scientific commission appointed by the Ministres de la Marine et de l'Instruction publique . During its three-month research trip from Friday June 1 to Friday August 31, 1883, the Talisman collected 140 dredger and trawl samples. Most of them from a depth of 1000 to 5000 meters. This enabled a considerable zoological collection to be amassed.
The talisman explored the coasts of Portugal and Morocco, visited the Canaries and Cape Verde Islands , crossed the Sargasso Sea , and after a short stay in the Azores , after her explorations, she returned to the Gulf of Gascony en route to France.
Jules Richard had already used a large scoop with a stopcock for the French expedition on board the Travailleur and installed it on the Talisman in an improved manner .
background
The French naturalist François Auguste Péron (1774–1810) started the discussion about deep-sea life with his assertion that the ocean floor was covered with ice.
The British naturalist Edward Forbes (1815–1854) hypothesized in 1841 that marine life would become increasingly poor in species as the depths increased, so that in the deep sea below 300 fathoms (approx. 500 m) there was an azoic zone with no life at all existed (abyss theory). Or, to put it another way, that the biodiversity in the sea decreases rapidly with depth.
Knowledge gained through technical difficulties in laying transatlantic cables ( submarine cables ) had to contradict this consideration. After many preliminary tests, the first long-functioning deep-sea cable was successfully laid between south-west Ireland and Newfoundland on August 16, 1858. When this failed in September 1858 and was recovered from a depth of about 2000 m, it was found that it was colonized by living things. These and other similar finds on deep-sea cables prompted the British Sir Charles Wyville Thomson (1830–1882) to embark on a systematic deep-sea expedition with two small naval vessels - the gunboat Lightning in 1868 and the watch ship Porcupine in 1869. He was accompanied by the British naturalist William Benjamin Carpenter (1813–1885). Ch. W. Thomson also worked with the Norwegian Michael Sars (1805–1869). The latter collected deep-sea samples off the Lofoten Islands.
Taxa named after the ship talisman
- Stephonyx talismani, Chevreux, 1919
- Ypsilothuria talismani, E. Perrier 1886,
- Euspira talismaidg.wdgtni, Bouchet & Waren, 1993,
- Fuscapex talismani, Bouchet & Waren, 1986,
- Euonyx talismani, Chevreux, 1919
- Parapontophilus talismani, Crosnier & Forest, 1973
- Gebiacantha talismani, Bouvier, 1915
- Ethusina talismani, A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1897
- Mastigoteuthis talismani, Fischer & Joubin, 1907
- Amigdoscalpellum talismani, Gruvel, 1900
- Neomorphaster talismani, Perrier, 1885
literature
- Léopold de Folin : Sous les mers. Campagne d'explorations you "travailleur" and you "talisman" . Librairie JB Baillière et fils, Paris 1887
- Coleman, Charles Oliver: German deep-sea expedition with the research vessel Valdivia 1898-1899 . Pp. 170–175 In Class, Order, Art - 200 Years of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Basilisken-Presse 2010
Web links
- Side view of the Talisman steamship
- Itinerary of the talisman
- Sketch of the lifting crane
- Drawing of the use of the lifting crane on the talisman
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Diss .: Schwarz, Astrid. E .: Early ecology in a scientific and cultural context, Munich 2000 [1]
- ↑ http://ia700307.us.archive.org/32/items/depthsofseaaccou00thomrich/depthsofseaaccou00thomrich.pdf
- ↑ http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/personetymol/exped.html
