Plum fool's bag
Plum fool's bag | ||||||||||||
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several deformed sloes caused by Taphrina pruni |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Taphrina pruni | ||||||||||||
Tul. |
The plum jester's pocket ( Taphrina pruni ) is a tubular mushroom from the order of the Taphrinales . It triggers the fool's disease of plums on plums and sloes .
features
Macroscopic features
Taphrina pruni grows on plums and sloes. The fungus causes hypertrophy , thereby attacking the fruits and branches of the host plant. The deformed fruits are popularly known as the fool's pocket. They are usually elongated, often curved. At first they are light green and smooth, with age they have shriveled, initially with a floury coating, then discolored brown. The affected branches are thickened and misshapen. When leaves are formed, they are curled and discolored.
Microscopic features
The mycelium grows intercellularly below the epidermis and grows dikaryisch . Your asci break out between the epidermal cells without any actual fruiting bodies . They are cylindrical-club-shaped and measure 17–53 × 15–17 micrometers. At the apex they are rounded or truncated. The stem cells are almost half as long as the asci themselves. They always have eight spherical, egg-shaped to elliptical spores that are 4–7 × 3–6 micrometers in size. Often they already bud in the ascus.
Characteristics on culture media
The fungus grows slowly on yeast - malt - agar , after two weeks the colony is cream-orange to salmon-colored with a shiny, smooth surface and buttery. In liquid yeast-malt medium, after five days at 20 ° C, the cells are spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal, are solitary or in buds, and measure 4.8–8.2 × 7.2–10.6 micrometers.
Occurrence
Taphrina pruni attacks plums and sloes. Fruits and branches are attacked. Taphrina pruni is widespread in Europe and North America. There is also evidence from Japan and New Zealand.
Antagonists
The fungus Cladosporium delicatulum has been identified as a mycoparasite on Taphrina pruni and is therefore being considered for possible biological pest control .
Taxonomy
Taphrina pruni was first described by Edmond Tulasne in 1866 . Fool's pockets on plums found in North America are now more likely to be assigned to Taphrina communis . The species Taphrina padi , long regarded as a synonym for Taphrina pruni , is now accepted as an independent species and occurs exclusively on the common bird cherry .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kamila Bacigálova, Ksenija Lopandic, Manuel G. Rodrigues, Alvaro Fonseca, Michael Herzberg, Wilhelm Pinsker, and Hansjörg Prillinger: Phenotypic and genotypic identification and phylogenetic charac-terisation of Taphrina fungi on alder. 2003. Mycological Progress 2 (3): 179-196. pdf
- ↑ a b c d Booth, C. 1981. Taphrina pruni. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. 713: Taphrina pruni. In: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. 713 . tape 713 , 1981 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ Hanke MV., Flachowsky H .: Plum ( Prunus domestica ). In: Fruit growing and scientific principles. Springer Spectrum, Berlin, Heidelberg 2017, 17.2, p. 289 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-54085-5_17 .
- ↑ a b Àlvaro Fonseca, Manuel G. Rodrigues: Chapter 73: Taphrina. In: Cletus Kurtzman, JW Fell, Teun Boekhout (Eds.): The Yeasts A Taxonomic Study. Volume 1, Elsevier, 2010, ISBN 978-0-444-52149-1 , p. 845 ff. (Online)
- ↑ a b Manuel G. Rodrigues and Àlvaro Fonseca: Molecular systematics of the dimorphicascomycete genus Taphrina . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . tape 53 , 2003, p. 607-616 , doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.02437-0 .
- ↑ GBIF: Taphrina pruni Tul. - Checklist View. Accessed August 4, 2019 .
- Jump up ↑ Haniyeh Amanelah Baharvandi & Doustmorad Zafari: Identification of Cladosporium delicatulum as a mycoparasite of Taphrina pruni . In: Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection . tape 48 , no. 8 , 2015, p. 688-697 , doi : 10.1080 / 03235408.2015.1099886 .
- ↑ Taphrina pruni. Mycobank, accessed August 4, 2019 .