Plum fool's bag

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Plum fool's bag
several deformed sloes caused by Taphrina pruni

several deformed sloes caused by Taphrina pruni

Systematics
Subdivision : Taphrinomycotina
Class : Taphrinomycetes
Order : Taphrinales
Family : Taphrinaceae
Genre : Taphrina
Type : Plum fool's bag
Scientific name
Taphrina pruni
Tul.

The plum jester's pocket ( Taphrina pruni ) is a tubular mushroom from the order of the Taphrinales . It triggers the fool's disease of plums on plums and sloes .

features

Macroscopic features

Taphrina pruni grows on plums and sloes. The fungus causes hypertrophy , thereby attacking the fruits and branches of the host plant. The deformed fruits are popularly known as the fool's pocket. They are usually elongated, often curved. At first they are light green and smooth, with age they have shriveled, initially with a floury coating, then discolored brown. The affected branches are thickened and misshapen. When leaves are formed, they are curled and discolored.

Microscopic features

A: A so-called hunger plum infested by Taphrina pruni ; B: various asci emerging from host tissue; C: immature acus on the left and mature ascus on the right with ascospores; D: mycelium growing like yeast

The mycelium grows intercellularly below the epidermis and grows dikaryisch . Your asci break out between the epidermal cells without any actual fruiting bodies . They are cylindrical-club-shaped and measure 17–53 × 15–17 micrometers. At the apex they are rounded or truncated. The stem cells are almost half as long as the asci themselves. They always have eight spherical, egg-shaped to elliptical spores that are 4–7 × 3–6 micrometers in size. Often they already bud in the ascus.

Characteristics on culture media

The fungus grows slowly on yeast - malt - agar , after two weeks the colony is cream-orange to salmon-colored with a shiny, smooth surface and buttery. In liquid yeast-malt medium, after five days at 20 ° C, the cells are spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal, are solitary or in buds, and measure 4.8–8.2 × 7.2–10.6 micrometers.

Occurrence

Taphrina pruni attacks plums and sloes. Fruits and branches are attacked. Taphrina pruni is widespread in Europe and North America. There is also evidence from Japan and New Zealand.

Antagonists

The fungus Cladosporium delicatulum has been identified as a mycoparasite on Taphrina pruni and is therefore being considered for possible biological pest control .

Taxonomy

Taphrina pruni was first described by Edmond Tulasne in 1866 . Fool's pockets on plums found in North America are now more likely to be assigned to Taphrina communis . The species Taphrina padi , long regarded as a synonym for Taphrina pruni , is now accepted as an independent species and occurs exclusively on the common bird cherry .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kamila Bacigálova, Ksenija Lopandic, Manuel G. Rodrigues, Alvaro Fonseca, Michael Herzberg, Wilhelm Pinsker, and Hansjörg Prillinger: Phenotypic and genotypic identification and phylogenetic charac-terisation of Taphrina fungi on alder. 2003. Mycological Progress 2 (3): 179-196. pdf
  2. ↑ a b c d Booth, C. 1981. Taphrina pruni. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. 713: Taphrina pruni. In: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. 713 . tape 713 , 1981 ( mycobank.org ).
  3. ↑ Hanke MV., Flachowsky H .: Plum ( Prunus domestica ). In: Fruit growing and scientific principles. Springer Spectrum, Berlin, Heidelberg 2017, 17.2, p. 289 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-54085-5_17 .
  4. ↑ a b Àlvaro Fonseca, Manuel G. Rodrigues: Chapter 73: Taphrina. In: Cletus Kurtzman, JW Fell, Teun Boekhout (Eds.): The Yeasts A Taxonomic Study. Volume 1, Elsevier, 2010, ISBN 978-0-444-52149-1 , p. 845 ff. (Online)
  5. ↑ a b Manuel G. Rodrigues and Àlvaro Fonseca: Molecular systematics of the dimorphicascomycete genus Taphrina . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . tape 53 , 2003, p. 607-616 , doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.02437-0 .
  6. ↑ GBIF: Taphrina pruni Tul. - Checklist View. Accessed August 4, 2019 .
  7. Jump up ↑ Haniyeh Amanelah Baharvandi & Doustmorad Zafari: Identification of Cladosporium delicatulum as a mycoparasite of Taphrina pruni . In: Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection . tape 48 , no. 8 , 2015, p. 688-697 , doi : 10.1080 / 03235408.2015.1099886 .
  8. ↑ Taphrina pruni. Mycobank, accessed August 4, 2019 .

Web links

Commons : Taphrina pruni  - collection of images, videos and audio files