Taqī ad-Dīn an-Nabhānī

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Taqi ad-Din an-Nabhani

Sheikh Muhammad Taqi ad-Din bin Ibrahim bin Mustafa bin Ismail bin Yusuf an-Nabhani (also Taqiuddin an Nabhani , Arabic تقي الدين النبهاني, DMG Taqī ad-Dīn an-Nabhānī ; * 1909 in Haifa ; † 1977 ) was an Islamic legal scholar. He was the founder and leader of Hizb ut-Tahrir .

Life

Nabhani was born in 1909 in the village of Ijzim in what was then Ottoman Haifa. He came from a Sufi family. He attended elementary school in his birthplace and secondary school in Akkon . He then studied Islamic law at al-Azhar University for four years from 1928 . In 1932 he graduated from the Islamic college of Dar al-Ulum . During his time in Egypt, Nabhani made contact with the Muslim Brotherhood and also got to know Sayyid Qutb , but separated from them due to personal problems. After graduating, he returned to Palestineback and worked as a teacher at a secondary school in Haifa. In 1940 he was appointed associate judge. His contacts with the nationalist Hajji Amin el-Hosseini also date from this period ; In 1945 Nabhani became his follower. He placed him as chairman of a high council, first as a judicial assistant in Haifa and later as a judge in Ramallah, where he stayed until 1948. In 1950, Nabhani joined a court in Jerusalem as a judge, where he established contacts with a group that had become spokesmen for the nationalist intentions of their communities after the war in Palestine in the wake of the Jordanian annexation of the West Bank . In 1953 he founded Hizb ut-Tahrir . In the parliamentary elections in 1954, this party won a seat in the northwest of the West Bank; this seat got its member Ahmad ad-Da'ur. In Nablus , Jenin , Jerusalem and Hebron, Hizb ut-Tahrir was subject to the candidates of the nationalist and left-wing parties. In 1955, Jordan refused re-entry, so he settled in Beirut . In 1973 he was arrested in Iraqi custody and was released again following the intervention of influential people. Nabhani died in Beirut in 1977 and was buried there. He published a number of writings in Arabic on which Hizb ut-Tahrir is based.

ideology

Nabhani represented a very rigid and radical interpretation of Islam . His main work is the book Nizam al-Islam (The Order of Islam).

He advocated the execution of the death penalty for fornication and the chopping off of the hand in the event of theft. In his opinion, people who abandon prayer should be treated with a material punishment, e.g. B. Detention can be proven. Man must hold fast to the Shari'a of Allah, which was brought to him by the Messenger of Allah. According to his reading, the Sharia is a source independent of the human mind. The mind should not be used as evidence for a judgment of the Sharia either. The revelation texts are proof of the Sharia, so the Sharia is not subject to any change, but is independent of time, place and image of man. From this point of view, Islam is the solution to all human problems, in every age, in every place, in every people and in every generation.

For him, Islam is both a religion and a way of life that rules over all others ( sura 3 , verse 19). Its central concept is the Da'wa (mission). With their help, people should turn to true Islam again. The model here is the life of the prophet Mohammed . He calls for a fight against the "western colonial rulers". He understood jihad as a war against all who stand in the way of the da'wa.

The Islamic State

In his work “The Order of Life of Islam”, Nabhani sets out in a draft constitution how he imagines the Islamic state . A short selection from the draft of 186 articles:

  • The Islamic aqida is the basis of the state. It is the basis of the constitution and Islamic laws (Art. 1).
  • The state may not make any distinction between citizens according to race, religion, skin color or the like when exercising government, jurisdiction or the like (Art. 6).
  • The law of apostasy is applied to those who have reneged from Islam [death penalty] (Art. 7).
  • As the language of Islam, Arabic is also the official language of the state (Art. 8).
  • The main task of the state is Da'wa (Art. 11).
  • The rule is exercised by four people (regents): the caliph , the authorized assistant, the wali (governor) and the head of a district (Art. 18).
  • Sovereignty belongs to Islamic law and does not come from the people (Art. 22).
  • The caliph has absolute authority to conduct the affairs of citizens. He must not violate the provisions of Sharia law (Art. 37). His term of office is not limited (Art. 38).
  • A “commander of jihad” ( amir al-Jihad ) is responsible for external relations, war affairs, internal security and industry (Articles 51 - 55).
  • Jihad is an obligation for Muslims. Conscription applies to every male Muslim who has reached the age of 15 (Art. 56).
  • The “Council of the Ummah” consists of men and women, Muslims and non-Muslims. The authority of the non-Muslim members is limited to complaints about the injustice of the rulers or the poor application of Islam (Art. 101). The committee has an advisory function ( Schura ). However, the shura is only available to Muslims (Art. 105). It takes a look at the state affairs that are presented to it by the caliph. It can call for accountability and the removal of a governor. The Muslim members propose candidates for the office of caliph (Art. 107).
  • The woman is first and foremost the mother and hostess (Art. 108). The sexes are to be separated (Art. 109). The woman must not be entrusted with government duties (Art. 112).
  • In public life, women are also permitted to "socialize with strangers, provided that nothing can be seen of them but their face and hands, that they neither flaunt their charms nor behave indecently" (Art 113).
  • States like England, the USA and France and Russia are viewed as states to be warred by law. With states such as Israel, the state of war is made the basis of all action (Art. 184).

Works

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. The order of life of Islam ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. a b c conceptions of Hizb ut-Tahrir
  3. This edition also as a special edition. the state center for political education North Rhine-Westphalia with the same ISBN. All editions are abridged versions of The Political Mission of Islam. Programs and Criticism between Fundamentalism and Reforms. Original voices from the Islamic world. Peter Hammer, Wuppertal 1994, ISBN 3872946161 , pp. 204-209