Āl ʿImrān
Āl ʿImrān ( Arabic آل عمران 'The Imran clan', also 'The House of Imran') is the third sura of the Koran . With 200 verses it is the fourth longest sura. It was narrated in Medina . In chronological order it is the 97th of 114 Koran suras.
content
The content is dominated by the discussion with the polytheists , the Jews and the Christians about the belief and authenticity of the Koranic revelation, as well as an appreciation of the political situation after the victory in the Battle of Badr and the defeat in the Battle of Uhud .
The Koranic basis for the Taqīya principle is sura 3:28, where it says:
« لَّا يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَٰفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذََّٰقُلِكَ فَليَ ن يو الهِو ميت اليسَ ِيتُقَىٰة »
«Lā yattaḫiḏi l-muʾminūna l-kāfirīna auliyāʾa min dūni l-muʾminīna wa-man yafʿal ḏālika fa-laisa mina llāhi fī šaiʾin illā an tattaqū minhum tuqāt»
“The believers should not take the unbelievers as friends instead of the believers. Whoever does this has no (longer) fellowship with God. It is different if you are really afraid of them (i.e. the unbelievers). "
Adam is briefly mentioned in various other places in the Koran (cf. Adam in Islam ). For the later Islamic picture of this figure, the statement in sura 3:33 was very important that God chose Adam together with Noah , the family of Abraham and the family of Amrams .
In the Koran, John the Baptist is the third from last prophet of the only God Allah before Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus) and Mohammed (Sura 3:39).
In the Koran Isa bin Maryam (Jesus of Nazareth, son of Mary ) is calledالْمَسِيحُ / al-Masīḥ ('the anointed' = the Messiah). (Sura 3: 44-49, 4: 170-174). Jesus should neither be the Son of God nor part of a trinity , but a prophet of God. This place is highlighted by Messianic movements .
According to the Koran, the history of Islam did not begin with Mohammed, but with Abraham . He is described as Hanīf and Muslim in suras 3:67 and 3:95 .
« مَا كَانَ إِبْرَٰهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَٰكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُّسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ انَم .ُشْرر »
«Mā kāna Ibrāhīmu yahūdīyan wa-lā naṣrānīyan wa-lākin kāna ḥanīfan musliman wa-mā kāna mina l-mušrikīn"
“Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian . Rather, he was a (God) devoted Hanīf and not a pagan . "
« قُلْ صَدَقَ اللهُ ۗ فَاتَّبِعُوا مِلَّةَ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ »
"Qul ṣadaqa llāhu fa-ttabiʿū millata Ibrāhīma ḥanīfan wa-mā kāna mina l-mušrikīn"
“Say: God told the truth. Therefore follow the religion of Abraham, a hanep - he was not a pagan. "
The "truth" ( al-ḥaqq ) is Islam, or - as an interpretation variant - the person of Muhammad . "Lies and deceit" ( al-bāṭil - "what is void"), on the other hand, stand for Judaism and Christianity, which have been falsified and are therefore considered bidʿa . This status of the non-Islamic monotheistic religions, which is shaped by Islamic theology, has unrestricted validity up to modern times. In Sura 3:78 it says:
« وإن منهم لفريقا يلون ألسنتهم بالكتب لتحسبوه من الكتب وما هو من الكتب ويقولون هو من عند الله وما هو من عند الله ويقولون على الله الكذب وهم يعلمون »
«Wa-inna minhum la-farīqan yalwūna alsinatahum bi-l-kitābi li-taḥsabūhu mina l-kitābi wa-mā huwa mina l-kitābi wa-yaqūlūna huwa min ʿindi llāhi wa-mā huqwa min ʿindi āhi wa -na -kaḏiba wa-hum yaʿlamūn »
“And some of them twist the wording of Scripture (?) So that you think it (that is, what they say) is from Scripture when (in fact) it does not come from it, and say it is from God, while (in reality) it does not come from him. With this they knowingly tell a lie against God. "
In Sura 3:96 there is the statement that the "house" (بَيْت / bayt ) in Mecca was the first to be built for the people. This is followed by the Islamic conception of the Kaaba as the origin and starting point of creation, which is based on various traditions from the companions of the prophets .
The restriction of the ritual legal duty of the Hajj is justified in the Koran:
« وَلِلهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ »
"Wa-li-llāhi ʿalā n-nāsi ḥaǧǧu l-bayti mina staṭāʿa ilayhi sabīlā"
"... and people are obliged to God to make the pilgrimage to their house - as far as they can find a way ..."
Verse 3:99 rebukes the Ahl al-Kitab for keeping the believers from the path of God.
Command the right and forbid the reprehensible ( Arabic الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر, DMG al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa-n-nahy ʿani l-munkar ) is an important Islamic principle of Koranic origin:تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ / taʾmurūna bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-tanhauna ʿani l-munkar / 'You command what is right and forbid what is reprehensible' (Sura 3: 110).
Quotes
Several passages from the third sura can be found under the facade inscriptions of the Dome of the Rock :
- لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ / lā ilāha illā huwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīmu / 'There is no god but him. He is the mighty and wise. ' (Sura 3: 6)
- شَهِدَ اللهُ أَنَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَـٰٓىؚٕكَةُ وَأُولُوا الْعِلْمِ قَآىؚٕمؘـۢا بِالْقِسْطِ / šahida llāhu annahu lā ilāha illā huwa wa-l-malāʾikatu ulū l-ʿilmi qāʾiman bi-l-qisṭi / 'God testifies that there is no god but him. So do the angels and those who have knowledge. He does justice. ' (Sura 3:18)
- إن الدين عند الله الإسلم وما اختلف الذين أوتوا الكتب إلا من بعد ما جآءهم العلم بغيؘا بينهم ومن يكفر بايت الله فإن الله سريع الحساب / inna d-dīn ʿinda llāhi l-islāmu wa-mā ḫtalafa llaḏīna ūtū l-kitāba illā min baʿdi mā ǧāʾahumu l-ʿilmu baġyan bainahum wa-man yakfuru bi-āyāti llāighi-s-innaī llāti 'ein ( als true) religion applies to God Islam. And those who received the Scriptures became divided - in mutual rebellion - only after the knowledge had come to them. But if one does not believe in God's signs, God is quick to settle accounts. ' (Sura 3:19)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Koran . Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart 1990 ( RUB 4206) ISBN 3-15-004206-2 , pp. 65-88.
- ^ Adel Theodor Khoury : The Koran. Translated and commented by Adel Theodor Khoury. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007, ISBN 978-3-579-08023-9 , p. 102.
- ↑ Sura 3 on islam.de
- ↑ Sura 4 on islam.de
- ↑ See Nagel 2008, 19.
- ↑ Cf. Ibn Hischām : Kitāb Sīrat Rasūl Allāh . From d. Hs. On Berlin, Leipzig, Gotha a. Leyden ed. by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. 2 vols. Göttingen 1858-1859. Pp. 385-387. Available online here: http://archive.org/stream/p1daslebenmuhamm01ibnhuoft#page/n161/mode/2up
- ↑ Also sura 3, 18 and several times in this combination. See in the Koran in the combination: al-ʿaziz al-ḥakīm in: Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī: al-Muʿǧam al-mufahras li-alfāẓ al-Qurʾān al-karīm p. 459 sub. Al-ʿazīz
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