an-Nisāʾ
An-Nisāʾ ( Arabic سورة النساء, DMG sūrat an-nisāʾ , The Women ') is the fourth sura and, with 176 verses, is one of the longest suras in the Koran . It belongs to the Medina era. For a closer dating, most authors think of the time between the defeat in the battle of Uhud (625) and the retreat of the Meccans after the siege of Medina ( battle of the trenches 627).
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Sura 4 contains legal provisions on marriage, family, inheritance and the position of women in Islamic society. Verses 22 and 23 contain specific marriage prohibitions :
"And don't marry women your fathers married [...]"
"Your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father-sisters and mother-sisters, your brother-daughters and sister-daughters, your nursing mothers and milk-sisters and the mothers of your wives and your step-daughters, who are under your protection, are denied you from your wives whom you visit." But if you have not yet visited them, it is not a sin. Also the wives of your sons from your loins; and you shouldn't have two sisters together [...] "
Particularly well-known in connection with the position of women in the Koran was the passage in Sura 4:34 .
"And those wives whose malicious, defiant rebellion you fear, you should admonish them (first), then avoid them in the marriage beds and (only then) give them a (light) slap!"
In another translation the same passage reads:
“And if you fear that (any) women will revolt, then admonish them, avoid them in the marriage bed and beat them! If they obey you (then again), then do (further) nothing against them! Allah is exalted and great. "
other topics
But other issues are also addressed, such as prayer.
“You believers! Do not come to prayer ( salāt ) drunk without first (having come to you again and) knowing what you are saying! "
Based on sura 4:43, Hartmut Bobzin points out that an absolute ban on alcohol in Islam cannot have existed from the beginning in the Koran and also points out that wine in sura 16 (like honey) is mentioned as one of God's good gifts is (16.67).
The statements on the crucifixion of Jesus in verses 157–158 and 171–172 are also significant :
"And because they said:" We killed Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of God. "- But they did not kill him, and they did not crucify him, but a figure similar to him appeared to them. Those who disagree about him are in doubt about him. They have no knowledge of him except that they follow guesswork. And they did not kill him with certainty, but God raised him up to himself. God is mighty and wise. "
According to traditional interpretation, the fact that Jesus was crucified is denied here. Todd Lawson has shown in a monograph that there have been other explanations in the course of the history of interpretation.
With the words "And do not say: three", verse 171 is directed against faith in the Trinity .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Adel Theodor Khoury : The Koran. Translated and commented by Adel Theodor Khoury. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2007, ISBN 978-3-579-08023-9 , p. 130.
- ↑ a b Koran 4,22,23
- ↑ https://www.arabdict.com/de/deutsch-arabisch/ واضربوهن
- ^ H. Bobzin: The Koran. An introduction. 5th edition. Munich 2004.
- ^ Todd Lawson: The Crucifixion and the Qur'an, A Study in the History of Muslim Thought. Oxford 2009.
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