Plum colored dandelions

Plum colored dandelions
	Plum- colored dandelion ( Taraxacum bellicum )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Cichorioideae
Tribe :	Cichorieae
Genre :	Dandelion ( taraxacum )
Type :	Plum colored dandelions
Scientific name
	Taraxacum bellicum
	Sonck

The plum-colored dandelion ( Taraxacum bellicum ) is a plant from the genus dandelion ( Taraxacum ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

description

Flower head with bent-back red-violet bracts

Taraxacum bellicum is similar to Taraxacum scanicum and was not distinguished from it until late.

Vegetative characteristics

The plum-colored dandelion grows as a perennial herbaceous plant .

The foliage leaves , arranged in basal rosettes and mostly lying down, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalks are red to purple in color. The light green leaf blade is lobed. Only some of the leaf side lobes have incisions at the top.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from mid to late April, and a little earlier in warmer years. The flowers stand together in flower heads. The outer bracts of the flower are turned back and often intensely red-violet in color (hence the name Taraxacum prunicolor ) and only slightly tubercular (calluses). The flowers are light yellow. The stigma are green, with pollen.

An important distinguishing feature of calluses dandelions are the achenes , which in Taraxacum bellicum are more or less light red-brown.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Taraxacum bellicum in the grassland of the Eichenhain nature reserve

Occurrence

Distribution in Germany

The plum-colored dandelion is very scattered and in parts rare in Germany. You can find it mainly in the southern federal states. In Bavaria , the species is widespread, in Thuringia , Baden-Wuerttemberg and Hesse rare. There is one deposit in Berlin .

Location requirements

The plum-colored dandelion grows in Germany in semi-arid and dry grass , especially on damaged areas and cracks in the ground (footpaths).

Species protection

The plum-colored dandelion needs nature protection because of its endangerment and rarity .

Systematics

The first description of Taraxacum bellicum was made in 1983 by the Finnish specialist in skin and venereal diseases, art lovers and botanists Carl Eric Sonck (1905-2004). The Artepithon bellicum means "armed" and refers to the shape of the leaf. A synonym for Taraxacum bellicum is Taraxacum prunicolor .

The species Taraxacum bellicum belongs to the section of the calluses dandelions ( Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma ) in the genus Taraxacum .

literature

Carl Eric Sonck: Two new Taraxacum species from northern Lapland. Mem. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. No. 59, pp. 1-7, 1983.

Martin Schmid, Radim J. Vasut, Paulien Oosterveld: Taraxacum prunicolor sp. nova, a new species of the Taraxacum scanicum group (sect. Erythrosperma) . - Feddes Repert. , Volume 115, Issue 3-4, 2004, pp. 220-229.

Ingo Uhlemann, Jan Kirschner, Jan Stepanek: Taraxacum. , In: Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland - Vascular Plants, Critical Supplementary Volume. 11th edition, Berlin, Heidelberg (Springer Spectrum), 2016, pp. 133-184.

Network Phytodiversity Germany & Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Hrsg.): Distribution atlas of fern and flowering plants in Germany. , 912 S., Münster (Landwirtschaftsverlag), 2014.

Steffen Hammel: Calluses dandelions (Taraxacum section Erythrosperma) in Baden-Württemberg - Finds 2017 and 2018. In: Jh. Ges. Naturkunde Württemberg , No. 175, Stuttgart, 2019.

Individual evidence

↑ Wolfgang Lippert: Chromosome numbers of plants from Bavaria and other areas. In: Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society , Volume 76, 2006, pp. 85–110.

Web links

Commons : Plum- colored dandelion ( Taraxacum bellicum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Guenther Blaich: data sheet with photos.

[Lippert2006-1] Wolfgang Lippert: Chromosome numbers of plants from Bavaria and other areas. In: Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society , Volume 76, 2006, pp. 85–110.