Angle spinning

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Angle spinning
House angle spider (Tegenaria domestica)

House angle spider ( Tegenaria domestica )

Systematics
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Ageloidea
Family : Funnel spiders (Agelenidae)
Genre : Angle spinning
Scientific name
Tegenaria
Latreille , 1804
A western black widow (here a female, on the left a male) has captured an angle spider.

Angular spiders ( Tegenaria ) are a genus from the family of funnel spiders (Agelenidae). There are at least 62 species native to Europe. The best-known representatives of the genus are the wall angle spiders ( Tegenaria parietina ) and forest angle spiders ( Tegenaria silvestris ) , which also live in houses, sheds, stables or barns . The genus currently comprises 115 species worldwide (as of April 2016).

features

All species of this genus are nocturnal, mostly very fast, light brown to reddish brown or dark brown, with mostly long legs with bristles, some with fine hair. A characteristic defining feature within this genus is the breast mark (on the sternum ). What is striking is a partially distinctive, angular-looking pattern on the top of the opisthosoma, which also gave the genus its common German name.

Harmlessness

The species of the genus Tegenaria are harmless. In the USA , bites from the field angle spider ( Eratigena agrestis , formerly Tegenaria agrestis ) are said to have caused extremely painful and poorly healing, necrotizing wounds. The evidence is rather questionable. It is believed that some such wounds were not caused by spiders. The remaining bites probably go back to species of the genus Loxosceles , in particular Loxosceles reclusa , in which a corresponding poisonous effect is assured.

species

Morphologically , one can distinguish between two groups of angle spiders. The males of one group each carry a short, thick embolus on their pedipalps , including the type species of the genus, the house spider ( Tegenaria domestica ). The males of the other group have a long, thread-like embolus. Such an embolus is characteristic of the genus Malthonica , which is why some species of the genus Tegenaria were transferred to this genus in 2005 . All Central European species of this genus were transferred back to Tegenaria in 2010 and are now included in this genus again.

The following species have been identified for Central Europe:

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 115 species for the angle spiders. (As of April 2016)

Transferred species

The forest funnel spider ( Histopona torpida , formerly: Tegenaria torpida ) , which occurs in forests and under tree roots, is assigned to the genus Histopona .

In 2013, some species that had previously been included in the genus Tegenaria were separated into the new genus Eratigena , including the Central European species:

The large angle spider ( Eratigena atrica ( CL Koch , 1843)) was the "Spider of the Year 2008".

Web links

Commons : Winkelspinnen ( Tegenaria )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Tegenaria in the World Spider Catalog
  • Tegenaria at Fauna Europaea
  • Tegenaria . Online identification key for the genera Tegenaria and Eratigena from araneae - Spiders of Europe , accessed on December 3, 2015
  • Tegenaria . Winkelspinnen in the spider forum wiki , species and distribution, accessed on December 3, 2015

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Tegenaria . Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  2. ↑ Large angle spider (Tegenaria atrica) with photos on the website of Karl-Heinz Schäffner.
  3. ↑ James H. Diaz: The Global Epidemiology, Syndromic Classification, Management, and Prevention of Spider Bites "Nevertheless, T. agrestis has never been conclusively identified as the cause of necrotic araneism in the Pacific northwest of the United States because the CDC report was based on retrospective telephone reports of suspected bites without expert identification of biting spiders. "
  4. ↑ Elchin S. Guseinov, Yri M. Marusik, Seppo Koponen (2005): Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 5. The faunistic review of the funnel-web spiders (Agelenidae) with the description of a new genus and species. Arthropoda Selecta 14 (2): 153-177.
  5. ↑ Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Agelenidae . Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  6. ↑ a b Theo Blick, Robert Bosmans, Jan Buchar, Peter Gajdoš, Ambros Hänggi, Peter Van Helsdingen, Vlastimil Ružicka, Wojciech Starega & Konrad Thaler: Checklist of the Spiders of Central Europe. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae) . Version December 1, 2004
  7. ↑ A. Bolzern, D. Burckhardt, A. Hänggi (2013): Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria − Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 723-848. doi: 10.1111 / zoj.12040
  8. ^ Arachnological Society e. V .: The spider of the year 2008 is Tegenaria atrica