share
Sharing is the common use of a resource. In the case of material goods, the goods or the time of use must be divided between the users, whereby cultural goods such as knowledge (or also views and opinions) can be communicated and thus be used in full at the same time. From an economic anthropological point of view, sharing is a form of reciprocity that can be expressed in various forms - for example gift or barter economy .
history
Sharing is considered a positive value in many value systems , which is expressed in society as solidarity and the pursuit of justice . Research shows that it seems human nature to work together to achieve a common goal (“to share the work”) and then to share the proceeds or profits . The egalitarian society is named as an example of the original form of this provision without direct consideration .
Value of sharing
Sharing a resource potentially enables better exploitation of its potential than exclusive access by just one user. This is extremely clear in the case of intangible goods such as knowledge, which only comes to life through communication and which can be shared almost without restriction. But with concepts such as so-called car sharing , an increase in utilization can also be achieved with material resources by allocating usage time based on demand. Sharing is a fundamental aspect of concepts like free software . With concepts such as Yochai Benkler's peer production and Christian Siefkes' peer economy , an attempt is made to transfer these principles of sharing, which are successful in the production of free software, to other areas such as the economy as a whole. As the access to resources is regulated according to demand instead of the exclusive access regulated by property, a potential for increasing efficiency is tapped.
In the form of voluntary cost sharing or overpayment or as a sharing of property, sharing is a characteristic of many renewal and social movements, for example in development aid , in marriage encounters or in early Christianity .
In the economy, this value setting can manifest itself as employee participation in companies or in the sharing of decision-making powers.
In technology there are prominent concepts of sharing shared resources. In the case of computers, what is known as time sharing, by dividing the processing time of the processor, enables apparently simultaneous use by different users or application processes.
The theory of equitable sharing deals with the problem of fairness in sharing from a game theory perspective.
In social networks , "parts" means ( english sharing ) the sharing or recommending a different contribution to his friends or followers. This is also known as “retweeting” on Twitter .
See also
literature
- Yochai Benkler: Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and the Nature of the Firm . In: Rishab A. Ghosh (Ed.): CODE. Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy . MIT Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-262-07260-1 , pp. 169-206 ( benkler.org ).
- Yochai Benkler: The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom . Yale University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-300-11056-2 ( cyber.law.harvard.edu ).
- Christian Siefkes: Contribute instead of swapping. Material production based on the Free Software model . AG SPAK books, Neu-Ulm 2008, ISBN 978-3-930830-99-2 ( peerconomy.org ).
Web links
- Good sharing, bad sharing . Zeit Online , July 19, 2016
Individual evidence
- ↑ Katharina Hamann in conversation with Arndt Reuning : Born to share - What distinguishes people from monkeys. In: Deutschlandfunk - Current Research. Deutschlandradio, July 21, 2011, accessed on July 27, 2011 .