Teporingonema cerropeladoensis

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Teporingonema cerropeladoensis
Systematics
Subordination : Strongylida
Superfamily : Trichostrongyloidea
Family : Cooperiidae
Subfamily : Obeliscoidinae
Genre : Teporingonema
Type : Teporingonema cerropeladoensis
Scientific name of the  genus
Teporingonema
( Harris , 1985)
Scientific name of the  species
Teporingonema cerropeladoensis
( Harris , 1985)

Teporingonema cerropeladoensis is a nematode which parasites in the stomach of the volcano rabbit lives.

description

Genus Teporingonema

The body is thread- shaped , the synlophe consists of parallel grooves of uniform height, arranged in the longitudinal direction of the body, which are interrupted several times. The head is short, the mouth opening is enclosed by a thick, muscular ring, on the inside of which there is a circumferential row of hook-shaped teeth. Behind the ring, the mouth opening appears like a hexagon with rounded corners and has six papilla-like structures. These include the two amphids , which apparently cannot be distinguished from the other four structures. The esophagus has three muscular appendages at the front end that extend into the unusually large oral cavity and have a granular surface. It narrows towards the rear so that the esophagus appears club-shaped as a whole.

The cervical papillae are pronounced and are located about two-thirds of the length from the mouth opening to the transition of the esophagus into the intestine. The excretion pore is located about a third of the length of the body from the mouth opening. Male worms have a pair of papillae in front of the copulatrix bursa .

The bursa copulatrix of the male specimens is elongated and has two large lateral lobes and a weakly developed dorsal lobe. The inner surfaces of the lobes are granulated. The ventral rays are separated from each other and meet at their tips. The dorsal ray is slender and multi-branched. A genital horn appears to be present, the approximately 0.5 millimeter long spicules are uniform, slender and chitinized . They are thickened at the base and divided into two at the tips.

The two fallopian tubes lead from the amphidelphic uteri into the muscular vagina. The vulva is located in the back third of the body. The tail of females is slender, with a rounded tip.

Teporingonema cerropeladoensis

The bodies of the worms are elongated and slender, with a length of 5.0 to 7.2 millimeters in male and 9.9 to 12 millimeters in female nematodes. The diameter is 0.17 to 0.32 millimeters in males and 0.29 to 0.31 millimeters in females. The synlophe consists of 48 to 50 grooves of the same height, which are often interrupted. They begin about in the middle of the esophagus and extend to the bursa copulatrix in males and almost to the anus in females. Around the opening of the oral cavity there are 52 teeth about 8 micrometers long with inwardly directed hooks, which were described in the first description as "shaped like Dutch wooden shoes" and whose base appears to be divided into two parts. There is no ring nerve.

As with other species in the Trichostrongylidae family, the eggs are elongated, about 70 micrometers long and about 44 micrometers in diameter.

distribution

The type host and only known host of Teporingonema cerropeladoensis is the volcanic rabbit ( Romerolagus diazi ). The volcanic rabbit is endemic to the central Mexican Sierra Volcánica Transversal with several small and isolated distribution areas that cover less than 400 square kilometers.

The specimens available for the first description came from ten volcanic rabbits that died in the Jersey Zoo from a conservation breeding program. These had been caught near the parish of Parres at the foot of the Cerro Pelado volcano , between Cuernavaca and Mexico City ( 19 ° 8 ′ 31.9 ″  N , 99 ° 12 ′ 1.1 ″  W ).

As a species-specific parasite, Teporingonema cerropeladoensis is subject to the same threat to the population as its host. The volcanic rabbit is classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to its very small distribution area and the strong decline in populations.

Way of life

Teporingonema cerropeladoensis lives parasitically in the stomach of the volcanic rabbit ( Romerolagus diazi ).

Systematics

Initial description

The first description of Teporingonema cerropeladoensis was carried out by the British Helminthologin Eileen A. Harris from London's Natural History Museum in 1985 in the Journal of Natural History published articles.

Harris had five male and ten female roundworms available, most of which were in poor condition. The examination of the roundworms did not allow any classification into the existing confusing and sometimes contradicting system. In 1982 the helminthologist Lynda M. Gibbons and her colleague Lotfi F. Khalil from the British Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology published an identification key for the family Trichostrongylidae . According to this key, the examined roundworms would have been classified in the subfamily Haemonchinae , but this was excluded due to other characteristics. In 1983 her French colleague Marie-Claude Durette-Desset presented an identification key for the Trichostrongyloidea superfamily . The application of this key led to the classification in the subfamily Libyostrongylinae , but without allowing an assignment to an existing genus. Due to the extraordinary and in no other genus of the subfamily Libyostrongylinae to be found features such as the large oral cavity with 52 teeth and the granular processes of the esophagus reaching into the oral cavity, Harris therefore established the new genus Teporingonema .

In a cladistic analysis of the Trichostrongyloidea, the genus was placed in the new subfamily Obeliscoidinae within the family Cooperiidae , together with the similar genera Obeliscoides , Biogastranema , Hoazinstrongylus and Tapironema , the Libyostrongylinae now only contain genera from Ethiopis .

The holotype and 14 paratypes are in the collection of the Natural History Museum in London .

etymology

The genus name Teporingonema is in comparison to Zacatuche rarely used indigenous name Teporingo derived for the volcano rabbit. The original meaning of the word is not known. The suffix -nemo comes from the ancient Greek νῆμα (nêma) meaning yarn or thread , here in the sense of an assignment to the nematode (Nematoda).

The species name cerropeladoensis refers to the place where the hosts of the specimens examined were caught. The Spanish cerro means hill , Pelado is the proper name of a volcano at the site.

Synonymy

Lamothiella romerolagi González-Ortega , 1984: In her bachelor thesis submitted in 1984 but not published, the Brazilian helminthologist Marlen Gonzáles-Ortega described the genus Lamothiella with the only species Lamothiella romerolagi . She pointed out that a formally valid first description was in print. There is no evidence of such publication. The International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature only recognize academic theses as publications available for zoological nomenclature if they have also appeared in print. Therefore, the name Lamothiella romerolagi is considered unpublished. However, it was occasionally used in the secondary literature, for example in the Helminthological Abstracts in 1988and in anedition of the Mammalian Species dedicated tothe host Romerolagus diazi in 1990. The British helminthologist Lynda M. Gibbons considers Lamothiella González-Ortega , 1984, to be a synonym of Teporingonema Harris , 1985.

literature

  • Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo and Robert S. Hoffmann: Romerolagus diazi . Mammalian Species 1990, Volume 360, doi : 10.2307 / 3504131 , JSTOR 3504131 .
  • Eileen A. Harris: Some helminths of the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, including a description of the nematode Teporingonema cerropeladoensis gen. Nov., Sp. nov. (Trichostrongylidae: Libyostrongylinae) . In: Journal of Natural History 1985, Volume 19, No. 6, pp. 1239-1248, doi : 10.1080 / 00222938500770791 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Eileen A. Harris: Some helminths of the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi , pp. 1247-1248.
  2. ↑ a b c Eileen A. Harris: Some helminths of the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi , pp. 1240-1241.
  3. ↑ a b Eileen A. Harris: Some helminths of the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi , pp. 1243-1247.
  4. ↑ Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo and Robert S. Hoffmann: Romerolagus diazi , p. 1.
  5. ↑ a b c Eileen A. Harris: Some helminths of the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi , p. 1239.
  6. ↑ Romerolagus diazi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.3. Listed by: Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), FJ Romero Malpica, H. Rangel Cordero, PC de Grammont, AD Cuarón, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  7. ↑ Lynda M. Gibbons and Lotfi F. Khalil: A key for the identification of genera of the nematode family Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912 . In: Journal of Helminthology 1982, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 185-233, doi : 10.1017 / S0022149X00034581 .
  8. ^ Marie-Claude Durette-Desset: Keys to genera of the Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea . CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates Volume 10. CAB, Wallingford 1983.
  9. ↑ MC Durette-Desset, JP Hugot, P. Darlu, AG Chabaud: A cladistic analysis of the Trichostrongyloidea (Nematoda) . In: International Journal for Parasitology 1999, Volume 29, pp. 1065-1086. doi: 10.1016 / S0020-7519 (99) 00028-4
  10. ^ A b Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo and Robert S. Hoffmann: Romerolagus diazi , pp. 5–6.
  11. ↑ Marlen Gonzáles-Ortega: Estudio taxonómico de algunos nematodos parasitos de roedores y lagomorfos de Mexico . Unpublished Bachelor thesis, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 1984 (bibliographical information according to Cervantes et al .: Romerolagus diazi , 1990).
  12. ↑ Lynda M. Gibbons (Ed.): Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Supplementary volume . CABI, Wallingford 2010, ISBN 978-1-84593-571-9 , p. 86.