Thuringian culture

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Thuringian culture
Age : Iron age
Absolutely : 750-300 BC Chr.

expansion
North: Thuringian Basin
South: Thuringian Basin
West: Thuringian Basin
East: Middle Saale area
Distribution area of ​​Thuringian culture in Saxony-Anhalt

The Thuringian culture is an archaeological culture that dates from around 750 BC. Until about 300 BC BC ( Iron Age ) is dated. The previous culture was the Unstrut group from 1300 BC. BC to 750 BC The most important subsequent culture is the Naumburg group from 300 BC. BC to 60 BC Chr.

distribution

The Thuringian culture was widespread from the Thuringian Basin to the central Saale region. Neighboring in the north was the house urn culture , in the northeast the Billendorfer culture . In addition, the Thuringian culture shows influences from the Hessian and Middle Rhine area. From 575 BC. The range of the Thuringian culture diminished when the Jastorf culture began to expand.

Simultaneous, neighboring cultural groups during the early pre-Roman Iron Age from 750 BC. BC to 480 BC Are:

  • Billendorfer culture (750-450 BC)
  • House urn culture (750-525 / 450 BC)

funeral

Initially dominated the cremation , but this was partly by the inhumation replaced, their use increasingly started by a top layer from the period around 575th The majority of the population stayed with the cremation as before.

classification

The archaeological cultures of the Late Bronze Age went uninterruptedly into those of the Early Iron Age from 720 BC. BC to 480 BC Chr. About. The Bill Dorfer culture followed the Lusatian culture , the House Urns culture on the Saale estuary group and the Thuringian culture on the Unstrut group . The economy and mode of settlement in the early Iron Age remained largely the same as in the late Bronze Age. Copper and tin are still only found in a few places, but iron , which can usually be extracted as lawn iron ore , has a wide natural distribution.

The Thuringian culture formed in the 6th century BC. Together with other archaeological groups of the low mountain range the northern edge of the Hallstatt culture . This also applies to the 5th and 4th centuries BC. And the Latène culture too. The togetherness of the Iron Age cultures can be seen in the body burials of the Thuringian culture , whose jewelry imitates both Hallstatt and Celtic jewelry.

In the following centuries of the late Iron Age, in which the Naumburg group followed the Thuringian culture, this region retained its singular Celtoid character , despite the influences of the early Germanic Jastorf culture .

Remarks

  1. a b See Harald Meller (Ed.): Glutgeboren. Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age (= booklets accompanying the permanent exhibition in the Landesmuseum Halle . Volume 5). Halle an der Saale 2015, ISBN 978-3-944507-14-9 , pp. 60–66.
  2. Cf. Landesmuseum für Prehistory Halle: Collection on the older pre-Roman Iron Age (750-480 BC) ; see. State Museum for Prehistory Halle: Timeline ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lda-lsa.de

literature

  • Friedrich Höller: The Halle culture of the early Iron Age. In: Annual publication for the prehistory of the Saxon-Thuringian countries. Volume 21, 1933, pp. 5-133 ( online ).
  • Martin Klaus: The Thuringian culture of the older Iron Age. Grave, hoard and individual finds. Jena 1942.
  • Waldemar Matthias: An early Iron Age shard with a hunting depiction from Halle-Trotha. In: excavations and finds. Volume 4, 1959, pp. 18-23.
  • Klaus Nuglisch: To the knowledge of the older Latène period in the area between Ohre and Unstrut. In: Annual publication for Central German prehistory. Volume 53, 1969, pp. 375-414.
  • Rosemarie Müller:  Pre-Roman Iron Age. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 32, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2006, ISBN 3-11-018387-0 , pp. 623-638. ( Article accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online)
  • Klaus Simon: Horizontal stratigraphic observations on Early Iron Age burial fields of the Thuringian culture between Ilm and Finne. In: Old Thuringia. Volume 16, 1979, pp. 26-83.
  • Heinrich Tiefenbach , Wolfgang Timpel:  Erfurt. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 7, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-011445-3 , pp. 488-497. ( Article accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online)