Hellerkraut encompassing the stem

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hellerkraut encompassing the stem
Hellerkraut surrounding the stalk (Microthlaspi perfoliatum)

Hellerkraut surrounding the stalk ( Microthlaspi perfoliatum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Genre : Small purse ( microthlaspi )
Type : Hellerkraut encompassing the stem
Scientific name
Microthlaspi perfoliatum
( L. ) FKMey.

The Henbit Hellerkraut ( Microthlaspi perfoliatum ), also called by wax Kleintäschel , Durchwachsenblättriges Täschelkraut or ears-Hellerkraut called, is in Central Europe only some regions spread occurring member of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae).

description

The annual herbaceous plant reaches heights of about 7 to 25 cm. The plant is blue-green in color and completely bare. The stem grows easily or is branched from the base. The basal leaves are ovate-spatulate narrowed into the stem and about 5 cm long. The stem leaves are heart-shaped, encompassing the stem, with entire margins or serrated, somewhat pointed and 1 to 3.5 cm long.

The flower cluster is initially short and dense, later it loosens. The sepals are about 1.5 mm long, oblong-elliptical and have white skin margins. The petals are white, spatulate-oblong and 2 to 3 mm long. They sit on 5 to 9 mm long, horizontal stems. The stylus is only 0.2 to 0.7 mm long.

The 5 to 7 mm long pods are round, inverted-heart-shaped and have wide margins. The pod usually contains 2 to 4, egg-shaped, smooth seeds per seed compartment.

The Hellerkraut, encompassing the stem, flowers mainly from March to June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42 or 28.

ecology

The Hellerkraut, which encompasses the stalk, is an annual shallow root. It only roots up to 2 inches deep.

The pods act as a rain ballist d. H. in heavy rain showers, the seeds are thrown up to 80 cm. If a raindrop hits the pod bowl, the stalk of the fruit bends due to the force of the impact, and a tension arises in the pod, which leads to the jerky detachment of both fruit compartments from their frames; this causes the fruit to disintegrate and the seeds are flung away when the stalk moves backwards.

Hellerkraut surrounding the stalk ( Microthlaspi perfoliatum )
Hellerkraut surrounding the stalk ( Microthlaspi perfoliatum )

Occurrence

General distribution

Microthlaspi perfoliatum is originally found in Europe, Asia and North Africa . It is a sub-Mediterranean floral element . In North America the species is a neophyte.

Distribution in Central Europe

The Hellerkraut, which encompasses the stalk, occurs in Germany only in the middle and in the south scattered to fairly widespread. In the north and east, the species is very rare and only introduced temporarily. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on Zwieselberg near Roßhaupten to an altitude of 1000 meters.

In Austria, the small through-wax pouch occurs frequently in the Pannonian region , otherwise it appears scattered or rarely. The occurrences extend to all federal states. The species is endangered in the western Alpine region and in the southeastern Alpine foothills.

In Switzerland, the stalk-encompassing Hellerkraut occurs in general absent-minded.

Location requirements

Hellerkraut, which encompasses the stalk, grows in dry and semi-arid grassland communities. It is particularly popular in Cerastietum pumili from the Alysso-Sedion association, but can also be found in associations of the Seslerio-Festucion, Caucalidion, Fumario-Euphorbion or the Brometalia class. It prefers warm, moderately fresh, moderately nutrient-rich, lime-rich or otherwise alkaline-rich, moderately acidic to mild, slightly humic loam or loess soils.

Taxonomy

Synonyms for Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) FK Mey. are: Thlaspi perfoliatum L. , Noccaea perfoliata (L.) Al-Shehbaz .

photos

  • Stem with eared leaves

  • Flowers or fruits

  • inflorescence

  • The flaps of the pods are shovel-shaped: if they are hit by a raindrop, they jump off, the seeds are thrown away and spread out

  • Seeds

swell

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Thlaspi perfoliatum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 653 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  449 .
  4. ^ A b Noccaea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 616.

Web links

Commons : Hellerkraut surrounding the stalk ( Microthlaspi perfoliatum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files