Tiburcio Carías Andino

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Tiburcio Carías Andino

Tiburcio Carías Andino (born March 15, 1876 in Tegucigalpa ; † December 23, 1969 there ) was President of Honduras in 1924 and from February 1933 to January 1949 .

His parents were Sara Andino de Carías and General Calixto Carías. His brother was Marcos Carías Andino. Tiburcio Carías Andino founded the Partido Nacional de Honduras in 1918 .

Life

He took part in the uprisings of the Partido Liberal in 1893, 1894 and 1903. During the uprising against Manuel Bonilla of the Partido Conservador in 1907, he was one of the commanders of the Partido Liberal . The government of the Partido Liberal of Miguel R. Dávila , brought to power with Nicaraguan help under José Santos Zelaya , promoted him to general. Carías Andino criticized the dictatorial rule of Rafael López Gutiérrez . In 1923 he received a relative majority of votes in the presidential election. The constitution stipulates that the president is determined by a law of parliament. On January 1, 1924, Rafael López Gutiérrez announced that he would remain in office for the time being. In February, Tiburcio Carías Andino started an uprising against López Gutiérrez with the support of USMC . Tegucigalpa was bombed by planes. Rafael López Gutiérrez died on March 10, 1924. At the end of April, Tiburcio Carías Andino moved into Tegucigalpa and on April 28, 1924 a peace treaty was signed on board the USS Milwaukee off the coast of Amalapa in the Valle department . In 1924 the candidate of the Partido Nacional Miguel Paz Barahona won the presidency, who was the deputy of Carías. Paz Barahona ruled from February 1, 1925 to February 1, 1929. Carías ruled as a strong man in the background. In 1928 Carías was the candidate of the Partido Nacional , the candidate of the Partido Liberal Vicente Mejía Colindres was elected .

Dictatorship 1933–1954

In 1932 Carías received a majority of votes before the candidate of the Partido Liberal Ángel Zúñiga Huete. Carías took office on February 1, 1933. The army rebelled and Carías received arms aid from El Salvador. The uprising was put down. When Honduras took office, the economy was in a depression. The banana plantations were infested with fungi, which in 1935 was the most extensive. In 1937 a fungicide was used and banana production increased again. President Carías admitted US companies like United Fruit Coop. Benefits a. The increased banana production benefited almost exclusively plantation owners and business people, while the population in the banana-growing areas was exposed to the fungicides.

Labor, social and educational legislation

The labor, social and educational laws enacted under the rule of Andino included the introduction of a standard working time of eight hours a day, the regulation of gainful employment for women and children, the obligation of employers to prevent and compensate for accidents at work, the introduction of statutory vacation leave and the increase in the education budget.

Human rights violations

Carías had the press censored, the Partido Comunista de Honduras banned and opposition members persecuted. Manuel Cálix Herrera was exposed to political persecution; On February 18, 1932, Juan Pablo Wainwright, leader of the 1930 banana workers' strike in Honduras, was murdered in Guatemala by Ubico's soldiers.

Defense budget

The military budget had priority, an air force was set up and a flight school opened in 1934 , which was run by US pilots. Pay increases created sympathy with the soldiers , who were soon his last support.

Revolts of the Partido Liberal

In 1935 there was a revolt of the Partido Liberal , the uprising was suppressed and the leadership of the uprising went into exile. When she wanted to go back, Carías threatened that they would have to pay for their flight first. There were also revolts in 1936 and 1937, which were suppressed.

Own constitution

In 1936, a constituent assembly was called by Carías. In the new constitution, presidents could be re-elected and the presidential term was extended from four to six years, the death penalty was reintroduced and the rights of the legislature were restricted. The Partido Nacional de Honduras became the state party of Honduras and Carías the presidential candidate. The Partido Liberal's influence waned and elected MPs of the Partido Liberal were rarely critical of Carías. In 1939 Carías was appointed president by the parliament dominated by the Partido Nacíonal . In 1943 the parliament determined the presidency of Carías until 1949.

Government cabinet

  • Deputy: Abraham Williams Calderón
  • Ministers for Government, Justice, Health and Welfare: Abraham Williams Calderón, Cecilio Colindres Zepeda.
  • Foreign Ministers: Antonio Bermúdez Meza, Silverio Laínez, Carlos Laínez.
  • War and Aviation Ministers: Juan Manuel Gálvez Durón , Leónidas Pineda M.
  • Finance Ministers: Armando Flores Fiallos, Julio Lozano Díaz , Urbano Quezada.
  • Minister of Public Education: Jesús María Rodríguez hijo, Angel G. Hernández.
  • Minister for Development, Agriculture and Labor: Salvador Aguirre , Medardo Zuñiga V.
  • Ambassador of Herbert C. Hoover , Julius G. Lay May 31, 1930-17. March 1935
  • Ambassador of Franklin D. Roosevelt , Leo J. Keena July 19, 1935–1. May 1937
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt Ambassador, John Draper Erwin September 8, 1937-27. April 1943
  • Ambassador to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Paul C. Daniels June 23, 1947-30. October 1947
  • Harry S. Truman's Ambassador , Herbert S. Bursley May 15, 1948-12. December 1950
  • Harry S. Truman's Ambassador, John Draper Erwin March 14, 1951-28. February 1954

Relationship with Central American States

During his presidency, Carías maintained good relations with the other dictators in Central America: General Jorge Ubico Castañeda of Guatemala, General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez of El Salvador and General Anastasio Somoza García of Nicaragua. Ubico helped Carías set up police and secret services. Relations with Somoza in Nicaragua, on the other hand, were somewhat tense because of a border dispute. Unlike in Guatemala and El Salvador, a conspiracy by officers in Honduras in 1944 was unsuccessful and was suppressed.

Succession

At the suggestion of the US government, presidential elections were announced for 1948. Juan Manuel Gálvez was the Partido Nacional's presidential candidate . Gálvez was a minister since 1933 and a loyal supporter of Carías. The Partido Liberal put Angel Zúñiga Huete as a candidate, but finally decided to boycott the elections. Gálvez won the elections unopposed. Carías assumed that he would keep power in the background. Gálvez became increasingly independent. Later attempts by Carías to come back to power were unsuccessful.

predecessor Office successor
Vicente Mejia Colindres President of Honduras
February 1, 1933–31. December 1948
Juan Manuel Gálvez