Deep intoxication
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| T70.8 | Other damage from air and water pressure |
| T70.9 | Damage from air and water pressure, unspecified |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Tiefenrausch , also nitrogen - or inert gas anesthesia called, is a noise-like state by excess pressure in the diving can occur from about 30 m depth.
A too high nitrogen partial pressure due to the strong lipid solubility of nitrogen disorders of the central nervous system trigger. In deep intoxication, these are associated with severe cognitive impairments and life-threatening euphoria .
It is treated by immediately ascending to a shallower depth. Regardless of the deep intoxication, decompression sickness can occur if you ascend too quickly .
description
Although compressed air has already reached depths of over 100 meters (even 133 meters in record attempts), the first symptoms are generally to be expected from a nitrogen partial pressure of 3.2 bar, which corresponds to a diving depth of around 30 meters. The occurrence of deep intoxication (also called hypertension sickness ) depends on the individual physical condition and the current state (exertion, stress, health, influence of medication and drugs, etc.), which is why the first symptoms can appear from a depth of 20 meters . Typical symptoms of nitrogen anesthesia are limited judgment and logical thinking, including when it comes to dangerous situations, as well as euphoria or fear (e.g. claustrophobia ), altered acoustic sensation, metallic taste, acoustic hallucinations and persistent tiredness after the dive.
From the mid-1990s, attempts were made in recreational diving to reduce the proportion of nitrogen , which is considered to be the essential trigger of deep intoxication, by increasing the proportion of oxygen in the breathing mixture. However, there was no significant improvement compared to compressed air, especially since a drastic increase in the proportion of oxygen is undesirable, since oxygen also has a toxic effect at a corresponding partial pressure ( Paul Bert effect ). In general, the gas cocktail principle should be used to determine the narcotic effect of a breathing gas; all gases in the breathing gas mixture act more or less. The fact that Nitrox is marketed as Safe Air is to be understood with regard to the lower nitrogen saturation and thus shorter decompression times and should not be brought into connection with the problem of deep noise.
Better results are achieved by replacing the nitrogen with gases with a lower narcotic potential, such as helium ( Heliox ), a helium- hydrogen mixture ( Hydreliox ) or a pure hydrogen-oxygen mixture ( hydrox ). In technical diving , Trimix (helium / nitrogen / oxygen) is used for depths of around 40 meters , while in commercial diving, Heliox (helium / oxygen) is often used. Lower narcotic activity is bought at the price of a longer decompression time, which is then compensated for by decompression with pure oxygen, in the commercial sector in a pressure chamber.
The federal teaching and research facility of the DLRG operates a deep diving simulation facility in Berlin , in which recreational divers can gather deep- dive experience under safe conditions.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tiefenrausch: Therapy. Onmeda, accessed August 11, 2013
- ↑ Risks when diving. Planet Wissen, August 9, 2013, accessed August 11, 2013.
- ↑ Thomas Kromp , Oliver Mielke: Diving: Handbook modern diving. Part 2: Advanced Open Water Diver (AOWD) . 2nd Edition. Kosmos, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-440-14392-6 , p. 71 (epub).
- ^ H. Schubothe: Changes in atmospheric pressure and damage and illnesses caused by a lack of oxygen. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition ibid. 1961, pp. 1184–1191, here: p. 1185 ( Die Überdruckkrankheit ).
- ↑ Deep intoxication: appearance . Website of the Society for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine , accessed August 11, 2013.
- ↑ Diving at the limit: professional divers . In: Quarks & Co , WDR, September 12, 2006.
- ↑ Intoxication of depth . ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Tauchzeiten.de, accessed on August 11, 2013.
- ↑ Deep intoxication: symptoms. Onmeda, accessed August 11, 2013.
- ^ Archeology in deep intoxication. The first, May 20, 2012, accessed August 11, 2013.
- ↑ Diving with mixed gas. Diving school Eifel-Taucher, accessed on August 11, 2013.
