Animal burial (archeology)

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Tierbestattungen are since the Neolithic either independently or together to bury practiced custom of animals (or parts of them) with people. Domestic animals (dogs, cats, horses, cattle, pigs, sheep and goats) predominate over wild animals ( red deer , wild boar ). The number and location of animal burials and the type of animal allow for interpretations (including sacrificial animals, sacred animals - bull cult ).

description

Findings from the pre- Natufien cemetery 'Uyun al-Hammam show that the human-animal cult of the dead began in the Epipalaeolithic . The earliest burial in the Middle East is a human-fox burial. The graves of men and dogs from “Ain Mallaha” (Eynan) in the Natufia in Israel (12000–11000 BC ) are further early examples . A human and cat find was discovered in a grave in Cyprus (9th – 8th millennium BC). From Eridu there is an Obedzeitlichen (5500-3500 BC) grave of a youth to whom a dog was added. Dog graves in connection with human burials are also known from Tepe Gawra and Chafadji. Most of the Stone Age and Metal Age cultures in Central Europe are also affected, beginning with the ceramic band and ending with the Teutons . The cattle in the royal tombs of Ur were to serve as draft animals . Camel graves testify to the importance of mounts on the Arabian Peninsula . A young camel was placed in the grave of Genghis Khan in Mongolia in 1227 AD . The same reputation can be assumed for the riding horses in the Alemannic warrior graves (5th – 7th centuries AD).

Michael Koch lists 38 sites with cattle burials for the area of ​​the eastern funnel beaker culture (TBK) or at the time of the spherical amphora culture (KAK) in Germany and Poland. In each case, 1 to 5 cattle (76 in total) were buried autonomously in 23 cases and together with 1 to 4 people in 15 cases.

See also

literature

  • Gisela Amberger, Mostefa Kokabi: Horse skeletons from the Alamannic burial grounds in Aldingen, Giengen an der Brenz and Kösingen. In: Find reports from Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 10, 1985, ISSN  0071-9897 , pp. 257-280, doi: 10.11588 / fbbw.1985.0.28133 .
  • Hermann Behrens : The Neolithic-Early Metal Age Animal Skeleton Finds of the Old World. Studies on their interpretation of their nature and historical problems (= publications by the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle. 19, ISSN  0072-940X ). German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1964.
  • Joachim Boessneck, Angela von den Driesch : The zoological documentation of three horse skeletons and other animal bone finds from a chamber grave on the Norsun-Tepe (Eastern Anatolia). In: Istanbul communications. Vol. 27/28, 1977/1978, ISSN  0341-9142 , pp. 73-91.
  • Hildegard Göhde: From shepherd dog to symbol of gods. The meaning of the dog in ancient Mesopotamia from beginning to end. Münster 1998, (Münster, University, dissertation, 1998).
  • Michael Koch: Contribution to the knowledge of the combined animal-human burials of the eastern funnel beaker cultures in the time horizon of the spherical amphora culture, in particular of the cattle graves. In: Valeska Becker, Matthias Thomas, Andrea Wolf-Schuler (eds.): Times - Cultures - Systems. Commemorative publication for Jan Lichardus (= writings of the Center for Archeology and Cultural History of the Black Sea Region. 17). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-941171-34-3 , pp. 231-241.
  • Christian Maise: A horse burial from the early La Tène period and the remains of settlements from the Hallstatt period in Forchheim, Emmendingen district. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg. 1995, ISSN  0724-8954 , pp. 110-112.
  • Hanns-Hermann Müller, Cyril Ambros: New prehistoric horse skeleton finds from the area of ​​Slovakia. In: Študijné zvesti Archeologického Ústavu Slovenskej Akadémie Vied. Vol. 30, 1994, ISSN  0560-2793 , pp. 117-175.
  • Michael Müller-Wille : Horse grave and horse sacrifice in the early Middle Ages. In: Reports van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek. Vol. 20/21, 1970/1971, ISSN  0167-5443 , pp. 119-248.
  • Martin Schäfer: Of horse graves and rider heroes. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Athenian Department. 114, 1999, ISSN  0342-1295 , pp. 49-60.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Koch: contribution to the knowledge of the combined human-animal burials of the Eastern Funnel Beaker culture in the time horizon of the Globular Amphora, especially of cattle graves. In: Valeska Becker, Matthias Thomas, Andrea Wolf-Schuler (eds.): Times - Cultures - Systems. Commemorative publication for Jan Lichardus (= writings of the Center for Archeology and Cultural History of the Black Sea Region. 17). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-941171-34-3 , pp. 231-241.