Animal meal

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Animal meal

Animal meal (also carcass meal or carcass meal ) is a product of animal carcass processing . The use as feed for farm animals has been prohibited across the EU since 2001. However, in the partial lifting of this ban since June 2013, animal meal obtained from the carcasses of non-ruminating animals (e.g. from pigs or chickens) may again be fed to food fish and other animals bred on aqua farms. Animal meal is also burned for energetic use, used as feed for pets as well as fur and zoo animals and may be used as fertilizer in agriculture under certain conditions .

Manufacturing

In an animal carcass disposal plant , the carcasses of dead and sick animals, slaughterhouse waste and animal by- products are processed into meat and bone meal and other products using mechanical and chemical processing . The biological value of meat and bone meal protein depends on the proportions of the raw materials, in particular on the proportion of meat or body components rich in collagen and keratin as well as blood.

use

Feed

The animal meal ban imposed in response to the cattle disease BSE expired on June 1, 2013 after twelve years. According to the EU Commission, animal meal from non-ruminant animals such as pigs or chickens is again permitted as feed for fish and other animals bred on aqua farms. In Switzerland, meat and bone meal from non-ruminants was never banned for fish feeding.

The feeding of meat and bone meal to ruminants has been banned across the EU since 1994, and in 2001 the ban was extended to all farm animals. Feed made from contaminated animal protein for cattle is considered to be the most important route of transmission of the pathogen causing the cattle disease BSE . Previously, meat and bone meal was used as protein - feed , especially in the animal mast used. In 2011, the EU and the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office examined a relaxation of the general feed ban under restrictive conditions in order to reduce dependence on soy .

Meat and bone meal can be used to make feed for pets as well as for fur or zoo animals. Only products from category 3 of animal carcass recycling are permitted . According to a voluntary agreement of the pet food industry, however, only raw materials from slaughter animals that have been assessed as suitable for human consumption are used.

Feeding Risks

Thorough scientific research is available on the possible risks of feeding to slaughtered animals and the spread of diseases in humans. Studies have also been carried out on feeding chickens.

Proof of the admixture of meat and bone meal

For the detection of the admixture of meat and bone meal to regular animal feed, sensitive and specific immunological detection methods based on osteocalcin as a biomarker have been developed. With this ELISA test it is possible to detect 0.1% animal meal in plant or fish meal based feed.

fertilizer

Animal meal can be used as an organic fertilizer because of its high nitrogen and phosphate content. It may only be applied on un-tilled arable land and must be incorporated on the same day. For a period of 21 days, farm animals are not allowed to have access to areas where animal meal is used as fertilizer.

combustion

Today, a significant proportion of animal meal is burned. It is added to coal in lignite and hard coal power stations or used in cement factories to generate process heat.

See also

  • Blood meal : dried blood from the slaughter process
  • Meat feed meal , meat bone meal: differs from animal meal in that it has a higher proportion of bones
  • Food bone meal : crushed, defatted bones, serves primarily as a mineral carrier
  • Bone meal
  • Fish meal

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Theresa Zimmermann: EU overturns meat and bone meal ban: Meat should become fish again. In: Taz . February 26, 2013.
  2. ↑ Fish can be fed with animal meal again. In: Augsburger Allgemeine . February 14, 2013.
  3. ↑ Dominik Balmer: Pigs and Co. should eat animal meal again. In: Berner Zeitung . November 14, 2012.
  4. ↑ a b Anne Luginbühl: Feeding animal proteins back to chickens and pigs? ( Memento from February 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Blog entry from September 19, 2011 at the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office
  5. ↑ EU is considering easing the ban on meat and bone meal. In: Rheinische Post . November 4, 2011.
  6. ↑ Dark business with meat and bone meal and slaughterhouse waste. on: foodwatch . May 29, 2008.
  7. ↑ Questions and answers on BSE: animal feed  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection , accessed on January 7, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bmelv.de  
  8. ↑ M. Kadohira, MA Stevenson, HR Høgåsen, A. de Koeijer: A quantitative risk assessment for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Japan. In: Risk Anal. 32 (12), Dec 2012, pp. 2198-2208. PMID 22642297
  9. ^ E. Ryan, G. McGrath, H. Sheridan, SJ More, I. Aznar: The epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the Republic of Ireland before and after the reinforced feed ban. In: Prev Vet Med. 105 (1-2), Jun 1, 2012, pp. 75-84. PMID 22385779
  10. Jump up ↑ J. Moore, SA Hawkins, AR Austin, T. Konold, RB Green, IW Blamire, I. Dexter, MJ Stack, MJ Chaplin, JP Langeveld, MM Simmons, YI Spencer, PR Webb, M. Dawson, GA Wells: Studies of the transmissibility of the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to the domestic chicken. In: BMC Res Notes. 4, 17 Nov 2011, p. 501. doi: 10.1186 / 1756-0500-4-501 . PMID 22093239
  11. ↑ G. Kreuz, J. Zagon, H. Broll, C. Bernhardt, B. Linke, A. Lampen: Immunological detection of osteocalcin in meat and bone meal: a novel heat stable marker for the investigation of illegal feed adultation. In: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem . 29 (5), 2012, pp. 716-726. PMID 22300169
  12. ↑ Leaflet MBM as fertilizer Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection Baden-Württemberg , February 2009.
  13. ^ Richard Bolwerk, Andreas Richter: Energetic utilization of animal meal. Approval, monitoring, EU law, national regulations. Erich Schmidt Verlag , Immissionsschutz digital 2/2004.