Andean pies

Andean pies
Orestias pentlandii , Orestias jussiei , Orestias tschudii
Systematics
Ovalentaria Superordinate : Earfish relatives (Atherinomorphae) Order : Toothpies (Cyprinodontiformes) Subordination : Cyprinodontoidei Family : Orestiidae Genre : Andean pies
Scientific name of the  family
Orestiidae
Jordan , 1923
Scientific name of the  genus
Orestias
Valenciennes , 1839

The Andean parsons , Titicaca parsons or South American highland parsons ( Orestias ) are a genus from the order of the tooth parsley . They are 9 to 22 centimeters tall, elongated predatory fish, which are mainly characterized by the lack of ventral fins. Their diet consists of animal plankton. They occur in Lake Titicaca and other Peruvian, Bolivian and Chilean waters of the Altiplano at altitudes above 3,600 m. Many species from this genus have become rare due to environmental pollution and faunal adulteration by foreign fish. One species - the predatory fish ( Orestias cuvieri ) - may have become extinct.

features

Andean parsons are 9 to 22 cm long. They differ from other toothpies in the absence of the pelvic fins , the vomer (palate bone) and the first postcleithrum, a cover bone in the shoulder girdle. The number of vertebrae is 31–33; the number of scales along the sideline is from 0 to 54, and the number of branchiostegal rays is 5 or 6.

• Fins formula : dorsal i / 13, anal i / 13, pectoral 15-17, caudal 8/15/8.

Systematics

The genus Orestias was introduced in 1839 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes . The American ichthyologist Lynne R. Parenti placed the genus in the Orestini tribe along with the Mediterranean sorrel ( Aphanius ) within the Cyprinodontidae family . Because of the polyphylie of the Cyprinodontidae, the genus was transferred into an independent family (Orestiidae) in mid-2017 by the German ichthyologist Jörg Freyhof and two Turkish colleagues. The name of the family was introduced in 1923 by the American zoologist David Starr Jordan , but for a long time Orestias was part of the Cyprinodontidae family.

species

The following 44 species belong to the fish genus Orestias , which Parenti classified into four species complexes in 1984 based on their relationship

Agassii species complex Agassiz Andean Parrot ( Orestias agassizii ) Orestias albus Orestias ascotanensis Chungara Andean Ring ( Orestias chungarensis ) Orestias ctenolepis Orestias elegans Orestias empyraeus Orestias frontosus Orestias gymnotus Orestias hardini Orestias jussiei Orestias lastarriae Lauca Andean Parrot ( Orestias laucaensis ) Yellow Andean Parrot ( Orestias luteus ) Orestias multiporis Orestias mundus Orestias olivaceus Parinacota Andean Parrot ( Orestias parinacotensis ) Orestias polonorum Orestias puni Orestias richersoni Orestias rotundipinnis Orestias silustani Tschudis Andenkärpfling ( Orestias tschudii ) Orestias ututo

Cuvieri species complex Parrot ( Orestias cuvieri ) Predatory fish ( Orestia cuvieri ) Orestias forgeti Ispi Andean Parrot ( Orestias ispi ) Orestias pentlandii Gilsoni species complex Orestias gilsoni Orestias imarpe Orestias minimus Orestias minutus Orestias mooni Orestias robustus Orestias taquiri Orestias tchernavini Orestias tomcooni Orestias uruni Mulleri species complex Orestias crawfordi Orestias gracilis Orestias incae Müller's Andean Parrot ( Orestias mulleri ) Orestias tutini

literature

• Lynne R. Parenti : A taxonomic revision of the Andean Killifish Genus 'Orestias' (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae) . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , Vol. 178, 1984, pp. 107-214. PDF full text

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Villwock, Wolfgang, 1972. Dangers to the endemic fish fauna through naturalization attempts and acclimatization of foreign fish using the example of Lake Titicacas (Peru / Bolivia) and Lake Lanao (Mindanao / Philippines). Negotiations of the International Limnology Association. 18 (1227-1234).
2. ↑ Lynne R. Parenti: A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History; Volume 168, Article 4, 1981, page 525.
3. ↑ Jörg Freyhof, Müfit Özuluğ & Gülsah Saç (2017): Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii , first reviser action to stabilize the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes ) . Zootaxa , 4294 (5): 573-585. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4294.5.6
4. ↑ On the systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of Chilean species of the genus Orestias VALENCIENNES, 1839 - Dissertation by Arne Lüssen (2003) ( Memento from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 6.8 MB):

Web links

Commons : Andean penguins ( Orestias )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• On the systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of Chilean species of the genus Orestias VALENCIENNES, 1839 - Dissertation by Arne Lüssen (2003) (PDF, full text ( Memento from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ); PDF; 6.8 MB)
• Orestias on Fishbase.org (English)