Tokugawa
The Tokugawa ( jap. 徳川氏 , shi ) is a Japanese shogun - dynasty , which the Tokugawa shogunate (also Edo period , 1603-1868) founded. The Tokugawa shogunate (Japanese bakufu , literally the tented government of the shoguns) began with General Tokugawa Ieyasu , Imagawa Yoshimoto and allies of Oda Nobunaga . The Tokugawa coat of arms ( Mon ) shows three hazel leaves in a circle, but is known as the mallow coat of arms . The hazel root was traditionally counted among the mallow family in Japan .
Domination
After the death of Nobunaga, who had been attacked by his general Akechi Mitsuhide and had to commit seppuku , his most capable general, the former common soldier Toyotomi Hideyoshi, seized the power that Nobunaga had previously wielded. But even Hideyoshi was not granted the shogunate because of his low descent. He died, leaving only one underage son (Toyotomi Hideyori). Therefore Ieyasu filled the power vacuum that had developed. He had already served under Nobunaga and was an able general. After Nobunaga's death, after the two initially fought, he teamed up with Hideyoshi. After the latter's death, he himself took hold of the power of the shogunate, which he gained after defeating his worst adversary, Ishida, in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 .
The rule of the Tokugawa was characterized primarily by its very long duration for Japanese history. They stayed in power for over 200 years. The seat of government of the shogunate was in Edo , later Tōkyō . The Tokugawa ruled with an iron fist. They decreed that the daimyo , the local rulers, had a permanent residence in Edo and had to stay there for a certain time in the year. They also introduced the policy of closing Japan in order to stabilize their power. Unlike the Hōjō Shikken or the hapless Ashikaga shogun , the Tokugawa shogunate was only overthrown when the Japanese turned back to the Tennō , the emperor, as ruler with the Meiji Restoration in 1868 .
The current head of the family has been Tokugawa Tsunenari since 1963. The main family's possessions are now managed by the Tokugawa Kinen Zaidan Charitable Foundation (( 川 記念 財 団 , English Tokugawa Memorial Foundation ), the chairman of which is the head of the family.
Heads of families
Shoguns
Surname | Life dates | Reign |
---|---|---|
1. Tokugawa Ieyasu | 1543-1616 | 1603-1605 |
2. Tokugawa Hidetada | 1579-1632 | 1605-1623 |
3. Tokugawa Iemitsu | 1604-1651 | 1623-1651 |
4. Tokugawa Ietsuna | 1641-1680 | 1651-1680 |
5. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi | 1646-1709 | 1680-1709 |
6. Tokugawa Ienobu | 1662-1712 | 1709-1712 |
7. Tokugawa Ietsugu | 1709-1716 | 1713-1716 |
8. Tokugawa Yoshimune | 1684-1751 | 1716-1745 |
9. Tokugawa Ieshige | 1712-1761 | 1745-1760 |
10. Tokugawa Ieharu | 1737-1786 | 1760-1786 |
11. Tokugawa Ienari | 1773-1841 | 1787-1837 |
12. Tokugawa Ieyoshi | 1793-1853 | 1837-1853 |
13. Tokugawa Iesada | 1824-1858 | 1853-1858 |
14. Tokugawa Iemochi | 1846-1866 | 1858-1866 |
15. Tokugawa Yoshinobu | 1837-1913 | 1866-1867 |
Non-rulers
Surname | Life dates | time |
---|---|---|
16. Tokugawa Iesato | 1863-1940 | 1868-1940 |
17. Tokugawa Iemasa | 1884-1963 | 1940-1963 |
18. Tokugawa Tsunenari | 1940– | 1963– |
More family members
- Tokugawa Munetake (1715–1771), poet
- Tokugawa Yoshitoshi (1884–1963), aviation pioneer and lieutenant general
Secondary lines
See also
literature
- Julian Braun: The common way of sword and brush: Philosophy and ethics of Japanese martial arts of the Tokugawa period (1603-1868) . Dissertation Tübingen 2006. DNB
Web links
- Tokugawa Kinen Zaidan / Tokugawa Memorial Foundation website (English, Japanese)