Peat Shipyard Museum

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Peat Shipyard Museum

The Torfschiffswerft-Museum is a museum in Schlußdorf , a district of the municipality Worpswede in the district of Osterholz , Lower Saxony . It was opened in 1977 and presents the small shipyard founded here in 1850 , in which mostly half-hunt ships were built.

The museum

After the acquisition of the old shipyard building, the museum was planned by the members of the Schlußdorf Heimatverein and renovated and expanded with financial support from the Worpswede community , the district and other sponsors. The situation at the time the shipyard was founded is shown on the first floor, in addition to a film, through many photos and small models of the ships. The laborious peat cutting in the Teufelsmoor and the other activities for drying as well as the removal with wheelbarrows and boats become clear. It was often the whole family involved, because when Moorkolonisierung called the Devil Moore from 1750, as Fehnkultur was based on the generations: "The first death, the second the distress, the third the bread."

On the ground floor of the museum, further photos document the construction of the ships and a model shows the function of the folding jam . There were hardly any roads and horses available, so the ditches and canals that were also necessary for drainage, and especially the half-hunted ships, played a vital role in the life of the bog farmers. In a second room is the shipbuilder's workshop with an almost finished duck hunter, lots of tools and a large hand-operated drill .

  • Hand winch

  • drilling machine

  • Bog boots

  • Wooden shoes for horses

The shipyard and the ships

Wilhelm Grotheer, founder of the Torfschiffswerft

The shipyard was founded in 1850 by Wilhelm Grotheer. From 1850 to 1954 (according to another source 1930) more than 600 peat ships were built in this shipyard in Teufelsmoor, universal transport ships which, in addition to transporting peat on the drainage ditches, canals and the rivers Hamme and Wümme as well as the Lesum, also for the transport of building materials , hay and served other goods. For a long time there were no paved roads next to these waterways. In addition to half-hunt ships - such a ship held 6 m³ of peat, which at that time corresponded to about 50 baskets of peat - quarter-hunt ships and so-called "duck hunters" were also built here.

  • Half-hunt ship on the Hamme

  • Half-hunt ships in the harbor

  • Cabin with chimney

  • Quarter hunt outside

The half-hunt ships built from oak boards were pounded, grained, rowed or sailed to move depending on the ditch, canal or river. When sailing on the Hamme, Wümme and Lesum, the swords were lowered on both sides, as the flat ships had no keel. The peat extraction and the ships were particularly important in the first three generations, as the peat was the only source of money for the whole year. Therefore, the largely self-sufficient peat farming families were only now able to pay the debts that had accrued during the year. The peat, mostly baked peat, was needed in the city for heating and was delivered free of charge by the peat farmers. For city bakers in particular, it was the most important and inexpensive heating material.

A peat ship drives over the folding jam

The half-hunt ships were initially manned by two people in order to operate the canal barrages necessary for water retention. This dam initially consisted of a small weir, in which the higher water level was adjusted by means of oak boards in slots on both sides. If the ship loaded with peat came to the traffic jam, the second person had to remove the boards for the passage of the ship. After the ship had passed through, the boards had to be put back in place immediately so that the trench or canal did not lose too much water. After the invention of the folding jam , the half-hunt ships could be driven with only one person. The folding ropes consisted of boards that were connected with leather and formed the weir through buoyancy and water pressure on the upstream side. The gently sloping bow of the loaded half-hunt ships moving down the channel pushed the boards under water and the ship drove over the weir, which then immediately straightened up again and in its original position blocked the flow of the rapidly flowing water. On the return voyage, the ships were simply pulled over the folding stow with muscle power.

See also

Web links

Commons : Torfschiffswerft-Museum  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Torfschiffswerft-Museum Schlußdorf , accessed on August 16, 2020.
  2. ^ Torfschiffe , website about the open-air museum "Jan vom Moor", accessed on August 20, 2020.
  3. ^ Hans Saebens / Otto Grothe: Backtorf: Pictures and stories from the old Teufelsmoor . Worpsweder Verlag, Worpswede 1982, ISBN 3-922516-29-7 , p. 127 .
  4. ↑ Peter Rabenstein: “JAN VON MOOR. A home book from Teufelsmoor “'Fischerhude JAN VON MOOR. 1982 studio in the farmhouse, Fischerhude, p. 42
  5. ↑ Peter Rabenstein: “JAN VON MOOR. A home book from Teufelsmoor “'Fischerhude. 1982 studio in the farmhouse, Fischerhude, p. 30
  6. ↑ a b Peter Rabenstein: “JAN VON MOOR. A home book from Teufelsmoor “'Fischerhude. 1982 studio in the farmhouse, Fischerhude, p. 58

Coordinates: 53 ° 14 ′ 7.7 ″  N , 8 ° 58 ′ 22.1 ″  E