Goalkeeper glove
Goalkeeper gloves are specially designed for the purpose of ( football ) - goalkeeper developed gloves . In other ball sports, such as hockey , the goalkeeper wears special gloves. In addition to protecting the hands and hand bones when defending and catching the ball, the purpose of the goalkeeper gloves is to achieve greater static friction between the ball and hands in order to prevent the ball from slipping.
Soccer
history
As early as 1885, the Briton William Sykes registered a glove for goalkeepers at the Imperial Patent Office in Berlin. But it was the Argentine Amadeo Carrizo who first used goalkeeper gloves in the 1940s. The glove only became established in 1970, after Gordon Banks dared to experiment at the soccer World Cup in Mexico in 1970 and wore specially made gloves in all games. Until then, many goalkeepers (also in the Bundesliga ) played without or with simple protective gloves. In Germany, national goalkeeper Wolfgang Fahrian was the first to bring goalkeeper gloves onto the market in 1966 - made of rubber. The topping was the same as that of table tennis bats ("bacon board").
The development of the current goalkeeper gloves began in the 1970s. In cooperation with Sepp Maier and the Reusch company , the first so-called soft-grip goalkeeper gloves were developed, which turned the simple protective gloves into real catching aids for the goalkeeper. They emerged from a further development of medical rubber gloves. In addition to the previously dominant companies, manufacturers of team clothing (such as Nike , Reebok or Puma ) have also been producing goalkeeper gloves since the late 1990s .
materials
Adhesive foam
The inner surface of modern goalkeeper gloves consists of special adhesive foam, a mixture of natural latex and synthetic latex and other components. Most of these palm coverings are 2-4 mm thick and have an additional lamination, which is supposed to improve the damping. Softer adhesive foams are characterized by better adhesion , but wear out quickly , especially on hard places ( ash pitches or older artificial turf pitches ). For this reason the manufacturers have glove models with different adhesive foams in their collections. B. made more durable through the use of graphite particles . However, the increased abrasion resistance is accompanied by a loss of grip. In addition, some manufacturers offer special adhesive foams for rain and wet spaces (e.g. A2 Aqua Tech from Reusch).
It is generally advisable to moisten and clean the inside of the glove before use. This can reduce signs of wear and tear and optimize grip . As a result, goalkeepers are often seen spitting into their gloves .
Upper hand and clasp
In high-quality goalkeeper gloves, the upper hand is usually made of latex, while cheaper models often use PVC . The material is attached to an air-permeable textile net fabric (mesh), which ensures sufficient air circulation within the glove. In addition, many models use special, flexible elements in the area of the fingers and knuckles, which are intended to support the goalkeeper when punching the ball (e.g. the punching zone at Adidas).
The goalkeeper gloves usually have a Velcro fastener . Depending on the glove model, bandages, e.g. B. made of textile or neoprene are used that partially or completely enclose the wrist.
Cut shapes
In goalkeeper gloves, there are three predominantly used cut shapes, which differ in the way the adhesive foam is sewn to the material of the back of the hand:
- Outseam: With this traditional cut, the adhesive foam is sewn from the outside with the so-called layers (lateral areas of the individual fingers) so that the seam is visible when looking at the catch surface. One advantage of the outer seam cut is the large catching surface, but this means that the glove sits relatively loosely on the fingers. The shape of the cut is also known as a positive cut, contact maximizer or expanse cut .
- Inner seam: With an inner seam cut, the adhesive foam on the inside of the glove is sewn to the layers. In this way, the seam no longer comes into direct contact with the ball when it is caught. Compared to the classic outer seam cut, an inner seam glove has a smaller catching area, at the same time the glove sits closer to the fingers, which can improve the goalkeeper's feel for the ball. The cut shape is also known as a negative cut , inseam cut or surround cut .
- Rollfinger: This cut, which is particularly widespread in Great Britain, does not use the layer. Instead, the adhesive foam is rolled around the finger and sewn directly to the upper material, so that there is no longer a seam on the catch surface. The roll finger cut also leads to a tight fit of the glove, with a smaller catch area than with the outer seam cut. The cut is also known as a rolled cut or gunn cut .
In the case of newer glove models, combinations of the different cut shapes are also used more and more frequently, whereby the advantages of the respective cuts are intended to complement one another.
Finger protection
Almost all manufacturers also offer goalkeeper gloves with protection sticks in the backhand. These elements are intended to reduce the risk of injury by stabilizing the fingers and preventing them from overstretching or twisting backwards. A disadvantage of all finger protection systems is that the mobility of the fingers is restricted, which can have a negative effect when catching and fisting the ball. For this reason, most professional goalkeepers do not use finger guards unless there are injuries. Gloves, from which the protectors can be removed if necessary, therefore offer a high degree of flexibility for the wearer.
The individual manufacturers use very similar variants of this technology, but carry them under individual brand names. Examples of this are Fingersave ( Adidas ), OrthoTec ( Reusch ), Supportframe or Bionikframe ( Uhlsport ) or Spyne ( Nike ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Charlotte Fietkau: The men with the knobbed hands. In: Berliner Zeitung . August 23, 2003, accessed June 16, 2015 .
- ↑ Who actually invented the goalkeeper gloves? In: THE WORLD . September 21, 2011, accessed December 18, 2015 .
- ↑ http://falksiemering.de/galerie/reusch.php
- ↑ Overview of Uhlsport adhesive foams
- ↑ Overview of the different cuts
