Tragosoma
| Tragosoma | ||||||||||||
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Villi buck ( Tragosoma depsarium ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tragosoma | ||||||||||||
| Audinet-Serville , 1832 |
Tragosoma is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), which occurs with four species in Eurasia and North America. The only species in Europe is the billy goat ( Tragosoma depsarium ), which isspread acrossthe Palearctic and can also be found in North Asia outside Europe.
features
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The genus Tragosoma includes relatively large longhorn beetles with a body length of 17 to 36 millimeters. It is maroon beetles, which are characterized by a striking each spine on both sides of the neck shield distinguished. Both the pronotum and the elytra are clearly dotted. In addition, the thorax is densely covered by yellow to reddish setae . There are hardly any morphological differences between the species, which makes it difficult to distinguish them from one another and to identify new species.
distribution
With the exception of the villi, which is widespread in northern and central Europe and in northern Asia, all species of the genus occur in the Nearctic . These can be found in North America , in large parts of Canada , the United States and northern Mexico . They live mainly in high altitudes of the Rocky Mountains , those of the Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada .
Way of life
The species of the genus live in forest areas, where their larvae develop in the wood of conifers . The Eurasian billy goat is a borealpine species and occurs accordingly mainly in cool regions in Northern Europe or in higher regions of the mountains. During the day, the beetles can be found under rotten bark on dead wood trunks and old tree stumps. They become active in the evening until night and meet at suitable woods for laying eggs.
The development of the larvae takes at least three years and takes place in the wood of fragile trunks and stumps of conifers.
Systematics
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Phylogenetic systematics according to Laplante 2017
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The first scientific description of the genus Tragosoma comes from the French researcher Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville from the year 1832. With this it bordered that of Carl Linnaeus in 1767 as Cerambyx depsarium described Zottenbock as type opposite the genus Cerambyx and ordered him for the first time as Tragosoma depsarium a. Within the longhorn beetles, the genus is classified in the subfamily Prioninae .
There are currently six valid species in the genus Tragosoma worldwide ; only one occurs outside of the Nearctic:
- the villus goat ( T. depsarium ( Linnaeus , 1767) ) with Palearctic distribution in Europe and North Asia
- Tragosoma harrisii LeConte , 1851 , with the synonyms Tragosoma sodalis Casey, 1899 , Tragosoma parvicollis Casey, 1899 , and Tragosoma repens Casey, 1924 , with a distribution in the northeastern United States and Canada north to Labrador , west to the Northwest Territories and British Columbia and south along the Rocky Mountains to northern Mexico and southern California .
- Tragosoma nigripenne Bates, 1892 , in Mexico, Durango state.
- Tragosoma pilosicorne Casey , 1890 , in California and southern Oregon
- Tragosoma soror Laplante , 2017 , from southern British Columbia southeast to western Wyoming and south to California.
- Tragosoma spiculum Casey, 1890 , with the synonym Tragosoma chiricahuae Linsley, 1959, in the southern Rocky Mountains in southern Colorado and New Mexico and in southwest Arizona.
In 2017, Serge Laplante examined the relationships between the tragosoma species on the basis of morphological and molecular-biological data and developed a cladogram for the genus.
Naming
The name of the genus is derived from the body shape of the animals, which is reminiscent of a billy goat . Tragosoma is made up of the Greek words "tragos" for "billy goat" and "soma" for "body".
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e Serge Laplante: Description of a new Nearctic species of Tragosoma Audinet-Serville (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), with species validations, new synonymies and a lectotype designation. Insecta Mundi 0578, 2017: pp. 1–17. ( Full text ).
- ↑ a b c "Species: Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus 1767) - villi goat." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: Die longhorn beetles Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; P. 348
- ^ JG Audinet-Serville: Nouvelle classification de la famille des longicornes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 1, 1832: 118-201. ( Digitized ; first description: pp. 160–161 ).
- ^ "Genre: Tragosoma Audinet-Serville, 1832" In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: Die Bockkäfer Mitteleuropas . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; P. 348